शुक

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Uncertain.

    Probably named for its ability to speak,[1][2] derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćawk- (to call) (compare the palatalised Proto-Iranian *cawč-[3]), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk-; ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognate with Late Khotanese (sūch-, to call), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (saocaiia, mockery), Lithuanian šaũkti (to shout), Latvian saukt (to call), Tocharian B śauśä (calls).

    Grassmann and Monier-Williams instead derive it from the root शुच् (śuc, to purify), believing the bird to be named for its bright colour; this is phonologically sound (indeed, the Indo-European root is formally identical for both terms) but rejected by Mayrhofer due to the differing semantics of the Khotanese cognate. Pokorny[4] instead relates this word to Proto-Indo-European *kū-, but this is phonologically difficult since the initial consonant would need to undergo palatalisation but no *-e- can be reconstructed for this word nor is analogy to a verb form likely since none is attested.

    Noun

    शुक॑ (śúka) stemm

    1. parrot
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.50.12:
        शुके॑षु मे हरि॒माणं॑ रोप॒णाका॑सु दध्मसि
        अथो॑ हारिद्र॒वेषु॑ मे हरि॒माणं॒ नि द॑ध्मसि
        śúkeṣu me harimā́ṇaṃ ropaṇā́kāsu dadhmasi
        atho hāridravéṣu me harimā́ṇaṃ ní dadhmasi
        • 1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith
          To parrots and to starlings let us give away my yellowness,
          Or this my yellowness let us transfer to Haritâla trees.
    2. a male given name
    Declension
    Masculine a-stem declension of शुक
    singular dual plural
    nominative शुकः (śúkaḥ) शुकौ (śúkau)
    शुका¹ (śúkā¹)
    शुकाः (śúkāḥ)
    शुकासः¹ (śúkāsaḥ¹)
    vocative शुक (śúka) शुकौ (śúkau)
    शुका¹ (śúkā¹)
    शुकाः (śúkāḥ)
    शुकासः¹ (śúkāsaḥ¹)
    accusative शुकम् (śúkam) शुकौ (śúkau)
    शुका¹ (śúkā¹)
    शुकान् (śúkān)
    instrumental शुकेन (śúkena) शुकाभ्याम् (śúkābhyām) शुकैः (śúkaiḥ)
    शुकेभिः¹ (śúkebhiḥ¹)
    dative शुकाय (śúkāya) शुकाभ्याम् (śúkābhyām) शुकेभ्यः (śúkebhyaḥ)
    ablative शुकात् (śúkāt) शुकाभ्याम् (śúkābhyām) शुकेभ्यः (śúkebhyaḥ)
    genitive शुकस्य (śúkasya) शुकयोः (śúkayoḥ) शुकानाम् (śúkānām)
    locative शुके (śúke) शुकयोः (śúkayoḥ) शुकेषु (śúkeṣu)
    • ¹Vedic
    Descendants
    Borrowed terms

    Etymology 2

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

    शुक (śúka) stemn

    1. name of several plants
      1. siris, lebbek tree, Albizia lebbeck
        • c. 400 CE – 700 CE, Amarasiṃha, Amarakośa 2.181.1:
          ग्रन्थिपर्णं शुकं बर्हं पुष्पं स्थौणेयकुक्कुरे
          granthiparṇaṃ śukaṃ barhaṃ puṣpaṃ sthauṇeyakukkure
      2. shrub of the species Ziziphus oenopolia
    2. Synonym of ग्रन्थिपर्ण (granthiparṇa, a kind of perfume)
    3. name of a mythical weapon
    Declension
    Neuter a-stem declension of शुक
    singular dual plural
    nominative शुकम् (śukam) शुके (śuke) शुकानि (śukāni)
    शुका¹ (śukā¹)
    vocative शुक (śuka) शुके (śuke) शुकानि (śukāni)
    शुका¹ (śukā¹)
    accusative शुकम् (śukam) शुके (śuke) शुकानि (śukāni)
    शुका¹ (śukā¹)
    instrumental शुकेन (śukena) शुकाभ्याम् (śukābhyām) शुकैः (śukaiḥ)
    शुकेभिः¹ (śukebhiḥ¹)
    dative शुकाय (śukāya) शुकाभ्याम् (śukābhyām) शुकेभ्यः (śukebhyaḥ)
    ablative शुकात् (śukāt) शुकाभ्याम् (śukābhyām) शुकेभ्यः (śukebhyaḥ)
    genitive शुकस्य (śukasya) शुकयोः (śukayoḥ) शुकानाम् (śukānām)
    locative शुके (śuke) शुकयोः (śukayoḥ) शुकेषु (śukeṣu)
    • ¹Vedic

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śúkaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 352
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śúka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 644
    3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*sauč2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 340
    4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1474”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1474

    Further reading