शोक

See also: शंका, शुक, शक, and शौक़

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शोक (śoka).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃoːk/

Noun

शोक • (śok) m (Urdu spelling شوک)

mourning, grief, lament

Declension

Declension of शोक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शोक śok	शोक śok
oblique	शोक śok	शोकों śokõ
vocative	शोक śok	शोको śoko

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শোক (Assamese script)
ᬰᭀᬓ (Balinese script)
শোক (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰺𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑁄𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ၐောက (Burmese script)
શોક (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ੋਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍋𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦺꦴꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂷𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಶೋಕ (Kannada script)
ឝោក (Khmer script)
ໂຨກ (Lao script)
ശോക (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠣᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘻𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠱᠣᠸᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧜𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑑀𑐎 (Newa script)
ଶୋକ (Odia script)
ꢯꣂꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆾𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖺𑖎 (Siddham script)
ශොක (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩕𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚴𑚊 (Takri script)
ஶோக (Tamil script)
శోక (Telugu script)
โศก (Thai script)
ཤོ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒼𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨆𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शुच् (śuc), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćáwčati, *ćúčyati (“shines, glares, gleams”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”). See also Gilaki (sutən), Talysh (sute), Baluchi (sóčag), Mazanderani بسوتن (basuten), Central Kurdish سوتان (sutan).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐw.kɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕoː.kɐ/

Noun

शोक • (śoká) stem, m

flame, glow, heat, burning
sorrow, affliction, anguish, pain, trouble, grief

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शोक (śoká)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शोकः śokáḥ	शोकौ / शोका¹ śokaú / śokā́¹	शोकाः / शोकासः¹ śokā́ḥ / śokā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शोक śóka	शोकौ / शोका¹ śókau / śókā¹	शोकाः / शोकासः¹ śókāḥ / śókāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शोकम् śokám	शोकौ / शोका¹ śokaú / śokā́¹	शोकान् śokā́n
Instrumental	शोकेन śokéna	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकैः / शोकेभिः¹ śokaíḥ / śokébhiḥ¹
Dative	शोकाय śokā́ya	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Ablative	शोकात् śokā́t	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Genitive	शोकस्य śokásya	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकानाम् śokā́nām
Locative	शोके śoké	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकेषु śokéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

शोक • (śoká) stem

burning, hot

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शोक (śoká)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शोकः śokáḥ	शोकौ / शोका¹ śokaú / śokā́¹	शोकाः / शोकासः¹ śokā́ḥ / śokā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शोक śóka	शोकौ / शोका¹ śókau / śókā¹	शोकाः / शोकासः¹ śókāḥ / śókāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शोकम् śokám	शोकौ / शोका¹ śokaú / śokā́¹	शोकान् śokā́n
Instrumental	शोकेन śokéna	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकैः / शोकेभिः¹ śokaíḥ / śokébhiḥ¹
Dative	शोकाय śokā́ya	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Ablative	शोकात् śokā́t	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Genitive	शोकस्य śokásya	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकानाम् śokā́nām
Locative	शोके śoké	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकेषु śokéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शोका (śokā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शोका śokā	शोके śoke	शोकाः śokāḥ
Vocative	शोके śoke	शोके śoke	शोकाः śokāḥ
Accusative	शोकाम् śokām	शोके śoke	शोकाः śokāḥ
Instrumental	शोकया / शोका¹ śokayā / śokā¹	शोकाभ्याम् śokābhyām	शोकाभिः śokābhiḥ
Dative	शोकायै śokāyai	शोकाभ्याम् śokābhyām	शोकाभ्यः śokābhyaḥ
Ablative	शोकायाः / शोकायै² śokāyāḥ / śokāyai²	शोकाभ्याम् śokābhyām	शोकाभ्यः śokābhyaḥ
Genitive	शोकायाः / शोकायै² śokāyāḥ / śokāyai²	शोकयोः śokayoḥ	शोकानाम् śokānām
Locative	शोकायाम् śokāyām	शोकयोः śokayoḥ	शोकासु śokāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शोक (śoká)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शोकम् śokám	शोके śoké	शोकानि / शोका¹ śokā́ni / śokā́¹
Vocative	शोक śóka	शोके śóke	शोकानि / शोका¹ śókāni / śókā¹
Accusative	शोकम् śokám	शोके śoké	शोकानि / शोका¹ śokā́ni / śokā́¹
Instrumental	शोकेन śokéna	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकैः / शोकेभिः¹ śokaíḥ / śokébhiḥ¹
Dative	शोकाय śokā́ya	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Ablative	शोकात् śokā́t	शोकाभ्याम् śokā́bhyām	शोकेभ्यः śokébhyaḥ
Genitive	शोकस्य śokásya	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकानाम् śokā́nām
Locative	शोके śoké	शोकयोः śokáyoḥ	शोकेषु śokéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: शोक (śok)
- Urdu: شوک (śok)
Kalasha: šok
→ Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੋਕ (śok)
- Shahmukhi script: شوک (śok)
→ Tamil: சோகம் (cōkam)
→ Telugu: శోకము (śōkamu)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1720”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1720

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1720”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1720

[1]

शोक

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Adjective

Declension

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia