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स (sa)
Ligatures:
स • (sa)
स • (sa)
From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (“six”). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).
स • (sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script ಸ)
स • (sa)
स • (sa)
स (sa)
स (sa)
स (sa)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
स • (sa)
स • (sá) stem, ?
स • (sá) stem, ?
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
स • (sá) stem, m
Masculine a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
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Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | सः sáḥ |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | स sá |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
Accusative | सम् sám |
सौ / सा¹ saú / sā́¹ |
सान् sā́n |
Instrumental | सेन séna |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | साय sā́ya |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
Ablative | सात् sā́t |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
Genitive | सस्य sásya |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सानाम् sā́nām |
Locative | से sé |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सेषु séṣu |
Notes |
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स • (sa) stem, n
Neuter a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
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Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | सम् sám |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
Vocative | स sá |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
Accusative | सम् sám |
से sé |
सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
Instrumental | सेन séna |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | साय sā́ya |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
Ablative | सात् sā́t |
साभ्याम् sā́bhyām |
सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
Genitive | सस्य sásya |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सानाम् sā́nām |
Locative | से sé |
सयोः sáyoḥ |
सेषु séṣu |
Notes |
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From the root √सन् (√san, “to procure, bestow, give, distribute”).
स • (sá)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *só, *séh₂, *tód. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁ (ho), ἡ (hē), τό (tó), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to), Old English se (whence English the). Compare also the suppletive-stem feminine and neuter forms सा (sā́), तद् (tád).
स • (sá) m
The final s of the nominative m sás is dropped before all consonants (except before /p/ in RV. v, 2, 4, and before /t/ in RV. viii, 33, 16) and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga. sa occasionally blends with another vowel (as in saī*ṣaḥ) and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with अहम् (aham), त्वम् (tvam), एष (eṣa), अयम् (ayam) etc.
The verb then following in the 1st and 2nd person even if aham or tvam be omitted
Similarly, to denote emphasis, with भवान् (bhavān)
It sometimes (and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas) stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a relatve pronoun or adverb such as य (ya), यद् (yad), यदि (yadi), यथा (yathā), चेद् (ce*d); in this position sa may be used pleonastically or as a kind of indeclinable, even where another gender or number is required
In the Sāṃkhya sa, like एष (eṣa), क (ka), and य (ya), is used to denote पुरुष (puruṣa), "the Universal Soul".
The locative singular form सस्मिन् (sasmin) is primarily used in the Rigveda.
Declension of स | |||
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Nom. sg. | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | ||
Gen. sg. | तस्य (tasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | तौ (tau) | ते (te) |
Vocative | — | — | — |
Accusative | तम् (tam) | तौ (tau) | तान् (tān) |
Instrumental | तेन (tena) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तैः (taiḥ) |
Dative | तस्मै (tasmai) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | तस्मात्, ततः (tasmāt, tataḥ) | ताभ्याम् , ततः (tābhyām , tataḥ) | तेभ्यः, ततः (tebhyaḥ, tataḥ) |
Genitive | तस्य (tasya) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषाम् (teṣām) |
Locative | तस्मिन्, सस्मिन् (tasmin, sasmin) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषु (teṣu) |
From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.
स • (sa)