समुद्र
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See also: समुद्री
Bhojpuri
Noun
समुद्र (samudra) m (Kaithi 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩)
- Alternative form of समुंद्र (samundra)
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of समंदर (samandar).
Pronunciation
Noun
समुद्र • (samudra) m (Urdu spelling سمدر)
Declension
Declension of समुद्र (masc cons-stem)
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).
Pronunciation
Noun
समुद्र • (samudra) n
Declension
| Declension of समुद्र (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
समुद्र samudr | ||
| direct plural |
समुद्रे, समुद्रं samudre, samudra | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
समुद्र samudr |
समुद्रे, समुद्रं samudre, samudra | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
समुद्रा samudrā |
समुद्रां- samudrān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
समुद्राला samudrālā |
समुद्रांना samudrānnā | |
| ergative | समुद्राने, समुद्रानं samudrāne, samudrāna |
समुद्रांनी samudrānnī | |
| instrumental | समुद्राशी samudrāśī |
समुद्रांशी samudrānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
समुद्रात samudrāt |
समुद्रांत samudrāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
समुद्रा samudrā |
समुद्रांनो samudrānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of समुद्र (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
समुद्राचा samudrāċā |
समुद्राचे samudrāċe |
समुद्राची samudrācī |
समुद्राच्या samudrācā |
समुद्राचे, समुद्राचं samudrāċe, samudrāċa |
समुद्राची samudrācī |
समुद्राच्या samudrācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
समुद्रांचा samudrānċā |
समुद्रांचे samudrānċe |
समुद्रांची samudrāñcī |
समुद्रांच्या samudrāncā |
समुद्रांचे, समुद्रांचं samudrānċe, samudrānċa |
समुद्रांची samudrāñcī |
समुद्रांच्या samudrāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- समुद्रकिनारा (samudrakinārā, “seacoast”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “समुद्र”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “समुद्र”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “समुद्र”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “समुद्र”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).
Pronunciation
Noun
समुद्र • (samudra)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সমুদ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- সমুদ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- သမုဒြ (Burmese script)
- સમુદ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸਮੁਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಮುದ್ರ (Kannada script)
- សមុទ្រ (Khmer script)
- ສມຸທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- സമുദ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᡠᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᠤᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ସମୁଦ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢱꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- සමුද්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஸமுத்³ர (Tamil script)
- సముద్ర (Telugu script)
- สมุทฺร (Thai script)
- ས་མུ་དྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s (“water”). By surface analysis, सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + उद्र (udra, “water”). Related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka).
Pronunciation
Noun
समुद्र • (samudrá) stem, m or n
- any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean
- Synonym: सागर (sāgara)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.72.3:
- इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥- índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi. - Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.
- índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
- इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of समुद्र (samudrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | समुद्रः samudráḥ |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ samudraú / samudrā́¹ |
समुद्राः / समुद्रासः¹ samudrā́ḥ / samudrā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | समुद्र sámudra |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ sámudrau / sámudrā¹ |
समुद्राः / समुद्रासः¹ sámudrāḥ / sámudrāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ samudraú / samudrā́¹ |
समुद्रान् samudrā́n |
| Instrumental | समुद्रेण samudréṇa |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रैः / समुद्रेभिः¹ samudraíḥ / samudrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | समुद्राय samudrā́ya |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | समुद्रात् samudrā́t |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | समुद्रस्य samudrásya |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्राणाम् samudrā́ṇām |
| Locative | समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्रेषु samudréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of समुद्र (samudrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ samudrā́ṇi / samudrā́¹ |
| Vocative | समुद्र sámudra |
समुद्रे sámudre |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ sámudrāṇi / sámudrā¹ |
| Accusative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ samudrā́ṇi / samudrā́¹ |
| Instrumental | समुद्रेण samudréṇa |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रैः / समुद्रेभिः¹ samudraíḥ / samudrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | समुद्राय samudrā́ya |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | समुद्रात् samudrā́t |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | समुद्रस्य samudrásya |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्राणाम् samudrā́ṇām |
| Locative | समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्रेषु samudréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Helu Prakrit:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sindhi: سَمُنڊُ (samunḍu)
- Pali: samudda
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤 (samudda)
Borrowed terms
- Acehnese: samudra
- Bengali: সমুদ্র (śomudro)
- Burmese: သမုဒ္ဒရာ (sa.mudda.ra)
- Gujarati: સમંદર (samandar)
- Hindi: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समन्दर (samandar), समुंदर (samundar)
- Indonesian: Sumatra
- → English: Sumatra
- Kannada: ಸಮುದ್ರ (samudra)
- Khmer: សមុទ្រ (saʼmot)
- Lü: ᦉᦖᦳᧆ (ṡṁud)
- Malay: samudera
- Indonesian: samudra
- Old Javanese: samudra
- Odia: ସମୁଦ୍ର (samudra)
- Nepali: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समुन्द्र (samundra)
- Punjabi: ਸਮੁੰਦਰ (samundar)
- Tamil: சமுத்திரம் (camuttiram)
- Telugu: సముద్రము (samudramu)
- Thai: สมุทร (sà-mùt)
- Urdu: سَمُنْدَر (samundar)