सह

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सह (sahá).

Postposition

सह • (sah)

1. with, along with, together with

Preposition

सह • (sah)

1. with, along with, together with
   • 2017 November 2, “भूतानचे राजे सहपरिवार पंतप्रधान मोदींच्या भेटीला! [bhūtānce rāje sahaprivār pantapradhān modīñcyā bheṭīlā!]”, in ABP Majha‎, New Delhi, archived from the original on 22 November 2017:

     भूतानचे राजे सहपरिवार पंतप्रधान मोदींच्या भेटीला!

     bhūtānce rāje sahparivār pantapradhān modīñcyā bheṭīlā!

     Bhutan's King at Prime Minister Modi's meeting with family!

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “सह”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सह”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Conjunction

सह (saha)

1. Devanagari script form of saha (“together with”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎, page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     चसहग्गहणेन धकारस्स हकारादेसो होति;

     Casahaggahaṇena dhakārassa hakārādeso hoti;

     By taking it together with 'ca', one gets a change of 'dh' to 'h';

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɐ.ɦɐ/

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

सह • (sahá) stem, m

1. the month मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣa)
2. a particular fire
3. a species of plant (not known which plant)
4. name of a son of manu
5. name of a son of प्राण (prā-ṇa) and ऊर्जस्वती (ūrjasvatī)
6. name of a son of धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra)
7. name of a son of Krishna and Madri
8. (with Buddhists) name of a division of the world
9. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) name of various plants (unclear which plants)
10. Unguis odoratus

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, posess, overcome, overpower”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “have, possess, hold”), σχῆμᾰ (skhêma, “form, shape, figure”), σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure, free time; philosophy”) whence Latin schola (“leisure time for learning, schooltime, school”); Latin sēverus (“severe, strict, harsh”). See also सहस् (sahas).

Adjective

सह • (sahá)

1. powerful, mighty
2. overcoming, vanquishing
3. bearing, enduring, withstanding, defying, equal to, a match for (+ genitive or compound)
4. causing, effecting, stimulating, exerting
5. able to, capable of (infinitive or compound)

Declension

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

सह • (sahá) stem, n

1. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) = बल (bala)
2. kind of salt

Declension

Etymology 4

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-gʰé ~ *sm̥-gʰó-, from *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”) + *gʰé (“indeed, at any rate”, discourse/emphatic particle). The first element is equivalent to स- (sa-); the second element is equivalent to ह (ha) and also found in नहि (nahi) (< *ne-gʰí); see also हि (hi), घ (gha). Cognate with Latin singulus, Albanian gjithë.

Postposition

सह • (sahá)

1. together with, along with, with

   with √grah and ā-√dā — to take with one

   with √dā — to give to take away with one

   (with कृत्वा (kṛtvā) and accusative) taking with one; in the company of

2. often as a preposition governing instrumental case, but generally placed after the governed word

   तेन सह (tena saha) — along with him

   1. (exceptionally with ablative)

   ऐश्वर्यात् सह (aiśvaryāt saha) — with sovereignty

3. in common, in company, jointly, conjointly, in concert
4. often used as a prefix in compounds, expressing "community of action"

   सहाध्ययन (sahā-dhyayana) — studying together, companionship in study

5. forming adjectives expressing "the companion of an action"

   सहचर (saha-cara) — going with, accompanying, associating with

6. (prefixed to adverbs of time) at the same time or simultaneously with

   सहपूर्वाह्णम् (saha-pūrvā-hṇam) — simultaneously with the beginning of forenoon

7. (rarely at the end of a compound)

   वैनतेयसह (vainateya-saha) — with vainateya

Etymology 5

From the preposition, probably etymologically "one who is with (another person)".

Noun

सह • (sahá) stem, m

1. companion

Declension

Descendants

• Pali: saha
  • → Khmer: សហ (saʼhaʼ)
• → Marathi: सह (sah)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1193.