साधु
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit साधु (sādhú).
Pronunciation
Noun
साधु • (sādhu) m
Declension
Declension of साधु (masc u-stem)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “साधु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
साधु
- Devanagari script form of sādhu
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সাধু (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬵᬥᬸ (Balinese script)
- সাধু (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰯𑰠𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- သာဓု (Burmese script)
- સાધુ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਾਧੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌾𑌧𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦴꦣꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂰𑂡𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಾಧು (Kannada script)
- សាធុ (Khmer script)
- ສາຘຸ (Lao script)
- സാധു (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠ᠊ᠠᢡᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘰𑘠𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢗᢑᠾᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧑𑧀𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐸 (Newa script)
- ସାଧୁ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢵꢤꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆳𑆣𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖯𑖠𑖲 (Siddham script)
- සාධු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩛𑩮𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚭𑚜𑚰 (Takri script)
- ஸாது⁴ (Tamil script)
- సాధు (Telugu script)
- สาธุ (Thai script)
- སཱ་དྷུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒰𑒡𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨊𑨜𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáHdʰuš.
Pronunciation
Adjective
साधु • (sādhú) stem
- straight, right
- leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow or thunderbolt)
- straightened, not entangled (as threads)
- well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient
- successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn or prayer)
- ready, prepared (as soma)
- peaceful, secure
- powerful, excellent, good for (locative) or towards (locative, genitive, dative, accusative, with प्रति (prati), अनु (anu), अभि (abhi), परि (pari), or compound)
- fit, proper, right
- good, virtuous, honourable, righteous
- well-born, noble, of honourable or respectable descent
- correct, pure
- classical (as language)
Declension
| Masculine u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | साधुः sādhúḥ |
साधू sādhū́ |
साधवः sādhávaḥ |
| Vocative | साधो sā́dho |
साधू sā́dhū |
साधवः sā́dhavaḥ |
| Accusative | साधुम् sādhúm |
साधू sādhū́ |
साधून् sādhū́n |
| Instrumental | साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ |
| Dative | साधवे / साध्वे¹ sādháve / sādhvé¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साध्वोः sādhvóḥ |
साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m |
| Locative | साधौ sādhaú |
साध्वोः sādhvóḥ |
साधुषु sādhúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ī-stem declension of साध्वी (sādhvī́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | साध्वी sādhvī́ |
साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sādhvyaù / sādhvī́¹ |
साध्व्यः / साध्वीः¹ sādhvyàḥ / sādhvī́ḥ¹ |
| Vocative | साध्वि sā́dhvi |
साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sā́dhvyau / sā́dhvī¹ |
साध्व्यः / साध्वीः¹ sā́dhvyaḥ / sā́dhvīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | साध्वीम् sādhvī́m |
साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sādhvyaù / sādhvī́¹ |
साध्वीः sādhvī́ḥ |
| Instrumental | साध्व्या sādhvyā́ |
साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām |
साध्वीभिः sādhvī́bhiḥ |
| Dative | साध्व्यै sādhvyaí |
साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām |
साध्वीभ्यः sādhvī́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | साध्व्याः / साध्व्यै² sādhvyā́ḥ / sādhvyaí² |
साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām |
साध्वीभ्यः sādhvī́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | साध्व्याः / साध्व्यै² sādhvyā́ḥ / sādhvyaí² |
साध्व्योः sādhvyóḥ |
साध्वीनाम् sādhvī́nām |
| Locative | साध्व्याम् sādhvyā́m |
साध्व्योः sādhvyóḥ |
साध्वीषु sādhvī́ṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | साधु sādhú |
साधुनी sādhúnī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹ |
| Vocative | साधु / साधो sā́dhu / sā́dho |
साधुनी sā́dhunī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sā́dhūni / sā́dhu¹ / sā́dhū¹ |
| Accusative | साधु sādhú |
साधुनी sādhúnī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹ |
| Instrumental | साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ |
| Dative | साधुने / साधवे¹ / साध्वे¹ sādhúne / sādháve¹ / sādhvé¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ |
साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m |
| Locative | साधुनि / साधौ¹ sādhúni / sādhaú¹ |
साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ |
साधुषु sādhúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Adverb
साधु • (sādhú)
- straight, aright, regularly
- well, rightly, skilfully, properly, agreeably
- sādhú √vṛt (+ locative) — to behave well towards
- sādhú √kṛ — to set eight
- sādhú √ās — to be well or at ease
- well, greatly, in a high degree
- assuredly, indeed
Interjection
साधु • (sādhú)
- good! well done! bravo!
- well, enough of, away with (+instrumental)!
- well come on! (+imperative or 1. pr.)
Noun
साधु • (sādhú) stem, m
- a good or virtuous or honest man
- a holy man, saint, sage, seer; a sadhu
- (Jainism) a जिन (jina) or deified saint
- a jeweller
- a merchant, money-lender, usurer
- (grammar) a derivative or inflected noun
- a saintly woman
- a kind of root (= मेदा (medā))
Declension
| Masculine u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | साधुः sādhúḥ |
साधू sādhū́ |
साधवः sādhávaḥ |
| Vocative | साधो sā́dho |
साधू sā́dhū |
साधवः sā́dhavaḥ |
| Accusative | साधुम् sādhúm |
साधू sādhū́ |
साधून् sādhū́n |
| Instrumental | साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ |
| Dative | साधवे / साध्वे¹ sādháve / sādhvé¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साध्वोः sādhvóḥ |
साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m |
| Locative | साधौ sādhaú |
साध्वोः sādhvóḥ |
साधुषु sādhúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
साधु • (sādhú) stem, n
- the good or right or honest, a good etc. thing or act
- साध्व् अस्ति (sādhv asti) (+dative) — it is well with
- sādhu-√man (+ accusative) — to consider a thing good, approve
- gentleness, kindness, benevolence
Declension
| Neuter u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | साधु sādhú |
साधुनी sādhúnī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹ |
| Vocative | साधु / साधो sā́dhu / sā́dho |
साधुनी sā́dhunī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sā́dhūni / sā́dhu¹ / sā́dhū¹ |
| Accusative | साधु sādhú |
साधुनी sādhúnī |
साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹ |
| Instrumental | साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ |
| Dative | साधुने / साधवे¹ / साध्वे¹ sādhúne / sādháve¹ / sādhvé¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām |
साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹ |
साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ |
साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m |
| Locative | साधुनि / साधौ¹ sādhúni / sādhaú¹ |
साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ |
साधुषु sādhúṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (sādhu)
- Pali: sādhu
- → English: sadhu
- → Gujarati: સાધુ (sādhu)
- → Hindi: साधु (sādhu)
- → Kannada: ಸಾಧು (sādhu)
- → Marathi: साधू (sādhū)
- → Malay: sadu
- Indonesian: sadu (“best”)
- → Old Javanese: sādhu (“good, virtuous; sadhu”)
- → Tamil: சாது (cātu)
References
- “साधु॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 612, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “साधु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 346
- Monier Williams (1899) “Sādhú”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1201, column 2.