सायम्

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From साय (sāyá, “evening”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long, lasting”),[1][2] hence distantly related to Latin sērus.[3]

Pronunciation

Adverb

सायम् • (sāyám)[4]

  1. in the evening, at eventide
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.146.3:
      उत गाव इवादन्त्युत वेश्मेव दृश्यते । उतो अरण्यानिः सायं शकटीरिव सर्जति ॥
      uta gāva ivādantyuta veśmeva dṛśyate. uto araṇyāniḥ sāyaṃ śakaṭīriva sarjati.
      And, there, cattle seem to graze, what seems a dwelling-place appears: Or else in the evening the goddess of the forest seems to free the carts.
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.12.48:
      प्रयतः कीर्तयेत्प्रातः समवाये द्विजन्मनाम् । सायं च पुण्यश्लोकस्य ध्रुवस्य चरितं महत् ॥
      prayataḥ kīrtayetprātaḥ samavāye dvijanmanām. sāyaṃ ca puṇyaślokasya dhruvasya caritaṃ mahat.
      A pious person should chant of the character of the well-famed Dhruva in the morning and in the evening, in a society of persons of the 3 upper castes.
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.12.2.1:
      सायं प्रातरुपासीत गुर्वग्‍न्यर्कसुरोत्तमान् ।
      sāyaṃ prātarupāsīta gurvag‍nyarkasurottamān.
      In the evening and in the morning, one should worship his guru, Agni, Surya, and Vishnu.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Pali: sāyaṃ
  • Prakrit: सायं (sāyaṃ)
  • → Hindi: सायं m or f (sāyam, “evening”, noun)

Noun

सायम् • (sāyám) n

  1. nominative/accusative singular of साय (sāyá, “unloosing, unyoking”)

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 725
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sīro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
  3. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “सायम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1207, column 2.
  4. ^ Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सायम्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1673

Further reading

  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sāyám”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 770
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “sāyam”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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