सुन्दर

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Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुन्दर (sundara).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /sʊn.d̪əɾ/,

Adjective

सुन्दर (sundar) (indeclinable)

  1. Alternative spelling of सुंदर (sundar)

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुन्दर (sundara).

Pronunciation

Adjective

सुन्दर (sundar)

  1. beautiful, attractive

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier *sūnara, from सूनर (sū-nára, liberal (of goods); spirited (of persons)), with non-etymological medial plosive (-d-). The lengthened ū was an effect of the second laryngeal (*H) in the etymon Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHnaras, a compound meaning something like "possessing or having good manpower", and composed of *Hsu- (good) +‎ *Hnā́ (manpower, man), making it an etymological match of Ancient Greek Εὔανδρος (Eúandros) (English Evander); synchronical analysis of the word from its roots gives a compound of सु- (su-) +‎ नर (nara), and the lengthened ū was probably shortened in regards with the first element. Further cognates include Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 (hunara, proficiency) and Persian هنر (honar, art). For another example of addition of a medial plosive after a nasal, compare वानर (vānara, monkey) and its variant *वान्दर (vāndara).

Pronunciation

Adjective

सुन्दर (sundara)

  1. beautiful, handsome, lovely, charming (MBh., Kāv. etc.)
    • Mahābhārata, Book IV, 14.30:
      ahaṃ ca te, sundari, dāsavat sthitaḥ
      sadā bhaviṣye vaśa|go, var’|ānane.
      I, too, stand before you as a slave and I will always be obedient, bewitching, lovely-faced lady.
  2. noble (Subh.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुन्दर
Nom. sg. सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ)
Gen. sg. सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ)
Vocative सुन्दर (sundara) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ)
Accusative सुन्दरम् (sundaram) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दरान् (sundarān)
Instrumental सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ)
Dative सुन्दराय (sundarāya) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Ablative सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Genitive सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām)
Locative सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu)
Feminine ī-stem declension of सुन्दर
Nom. sg. सुन्दरी (sundarī)
Gen. sg. सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सुन्दरी (sundarī) सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) सुन्दर्यः (sundaryaḥ)
Vocative सुन्दरि (sundari) सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) सुन्दर्यः (sundaryaḥ)
Accusative सुन्दरीम् (sundarīm) सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) सुन्दरीः (sundarīḥ)
Instrumental सुन्दर्या (sundaryā) सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) सुन्दरीभिः (sundarībhiḥ)
Dative सुन्दर्यै (sundaryai) सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) सुन्दरीभ्यः (sundarībhyaḥ)
Ablative सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ) सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) सुन्दरीभ्यः (sundarībhyaḥ)
Genitive सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ) सुन्दर्योः (sundaryoḥ) सुन्दरीणाम् (sundarīṇām)
Locative सुन्दर्याम् (sundaryām) सुन्दर्योः (sundaryoḥ) सुन्दरीषु (sundarīṣu)
Neuter a-stem declension of सुन्दर
Nom. sg. सुन्दरम् (sundaram)
Gen. sg. सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सुन्दरम् (sundaram) सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi)
Vocative सुन्दर (sundara) सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi)
Accusative सुन्दरम् (sundaram) सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi)
Instrumental सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ)
Dative सुन्दराय (sundarāya) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Ablative सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Genitive सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām)
Locative सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu)

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

सुन्दर (sundara) stemm

  1. Clerodendrum phlomidis (L.)
  2. a palace of a particular form (L.)
  3. name of कामदेव (kāma-deva) (L.)
  4. name of a serpent-demon (Buddh.)
  5. name of a son of प्रविलसेन (Pravilasena)
  6. name of various authors (also with आचार्य (ācārya), कवि (kavi), भट्ट (bhaṭṭa) etc.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुन्दर
Nom. sg. सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ)
Gen. sg. सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ)
Vocative सुन्दर (sundara) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ)
Accusative सुन्दरम् (sundaram) सुन्दरौ (sundarau) सुन्दरान् (sundarān)
Instrumental सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ)
Dative सुन्दराय (sundarāya) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Ablative सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ)
Genitive सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām)
Locative सुन्दरे (sundare) सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu)

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “सुन्दर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1227.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sūnára-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 740
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “sundara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516