स्फटिक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /spʰə.ʈɪk/,

Noun

स्फटिक • (sphaṭik) m

1. quartz; rock-crystal
2. crystal

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unknown. The word is traditionally associated with the root स्फट् (sphaṭ, “to burst forth”), possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst forth”) with a -t- extension.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/

Noun

स्फटिक • (sphaṭika) stem, m or n

1. crystal; quartz
   • c. 500 BCE – 300 BCE, Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 2.11:

     नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
     एतानि रूपाणि पुरःसराणि ब्रह्मण्यभिव्यक्तिकराणि योगे ॥

     nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām .
     etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge .

     Mist-smoke-sunshine-wind-fires, firefly-lightning-crystal-moons,
     These forms in yoga are the forerunners, bringers of manifestation unto brahman.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.212.13:

     आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
     श्लेष्मणः स्फटिकं तस्य पित्तान्मरकतं तथा ॥

     āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca .
     śleṣmaṇaḥ sphaṭikaṃ tasya pittānmarakataṃ tathā .

     From (his) mouth (came) the fragrant heat, his bones the deodar tree,
     His phlegm the quartz, and likewise his bile the emerald.

   • c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.11.32:

     शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥

     śuddhasphaṭiko mūlāṭavarṇaḥ śītavṛṣṭiḥ sūryakāntaśca . iti maṇayaḥ .

     The pure crystal, the mūlāṭavarṇa, the śītavṛṣṭi ("cool-rainwater"), and the sun-stone; such are the gems.

Declension

Descendants

• Pali: phalika, phalikā, phaḷika
  • → Khmer: ផលិក (phɑlək)
  • → Thai: ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k)
• Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮𑀺𑀳 (phaliha), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀕 (phāliga), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia), etc.
  • → Middle Chinese: 頗黎 (MC pha lej), 頗梨柯 (MC pha lij ka), 玻璃 (MC pha lje)
    • Chinese: 玻璃 (“glass”)
• → Middle Chinese: 頗胝迦 (MC pha trij kae), 塞頗胝迦 (MC sok pha trij kae)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्फटिक”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1729
• Monier Williams (1899) “Sphaṭika”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1269/3.
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923-1928) “फालिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 623.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sphaṭika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 798