स्फटिक

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika)

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /spʰə.ʈɪk/,

स्फटिक • (sphaṭik) m

1. quartz; rock-crystal
2. crystal

Unknown. The word is traditionally associated with the root स्फट् (sphaṭ, “to burst forth”), possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst forth”)^[1] with a -t- extension.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰɐ.ʈi.kɐ/

स्फटिक • (sphaṭika) stem, m or n

1. crystal; quartz
   • c. 500 BCE – 300 BCE, Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 2.11:

     नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
     एतानि रूपाणि पुरःसराणि ब्रह्मण्यभिव्यक्तिकराणि योगे ॥

     nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām.
     etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge.

     Mist-smoke-sunshine-wind-fires, firefly-lightning-crystal-moons,
     These forms in yoga are the forerunners, bringers of manifestation unto brahman.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.212.13:

     आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
     श्लेष्मणः स्फटिकं तस्य पित्तान्मरकतं तथा ॥

     āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca.
     śleṣmaṇaḥ sphaṭikaṃ tasya pittānmarakataṃ tathā.

     From (his) mouth (came) the fragrant heat, his bones the deodar tree,
     His phlegm the quartz, and likewise his bile the emerald.

   • c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.11.32:

     शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥

     śuddhasphaṭiko mūlāṭavarṇaḥ śītavṛṣṭiḥ sūryakāntaśca. iti maṇayaḥ.

     The pure crystal, the mūlāṭavarṇa, the śītavṛṣṭi ("cool-rainwater"), and the sun-stone; such are the gems.

• Pali: phalika, phalikā, phaḷika
  • → Khmer: ផលិក (phɑlək)
  • → Thai: ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k)
• Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮𑀺𑀳 (phaliha), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀕 (phāliga), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia), etc.
  • → Middle Chinese: 頗黎 (MC pha lej), 頗梨柯 (MC pha lij ka), 玻璃 (MC pha lje)
    • Chinese: 玻璃 (“glass”)
• → Middle Chinese: 頗胝迦 (MC pha trij kae), 塞頗胝迦 (MC sok pha trij kae)

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “स्फटिक”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1729
• Monier Williams (1899) “Sphaṭika”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1269/3.
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923–1928) “फालिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 623.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sphaṭika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 798