हस्त

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos.

Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /⁠dasta⁠/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ́s.tɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɦɐs̪.t̪ɐ/

हस्त • (hásta) stem, m

1. the hand
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.7:

     क्व स्य ते रुद्र मृळयाकुर्हस्तो यो अस्ति भेषजो जलाषः ।

     kva sya te rudra mṛḷayākurhasto yo asti bheṣajo jalāṣaḥ.

     O Rudra, where is that gracious hand of thine, that giveth health and bringeth comfort?

2. an elephant's trunk
3. the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)
4. (astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)
5. (prosody) an anapest

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)
  • Khowar: ہوست (host)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
  • Sinhalese: අත (ata)
• Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
      • Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
      • Malvi: हात (hāt)
      • Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
    • Hindustani: hāth
      • Hindi: हाथ
      • Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
    • Romani: vast
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
    • Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
      • Assamese: হাত (hat)
    • Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
      • Bengali: হাত (hat)
      • Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
      • Rohingya: hát
      • Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
    • Bihari:
      • Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
      • Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
    • Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
    • Sinhalese: අත (ata)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
    • Nepali: हात (hāt)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Kachchi: હથ (hath)
    • Punjabi: hatth

      Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ

      Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: هَٿُ

      Devanagari script: हथु

  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Konkani: hāt
      • Devanagari script: हात
      • Kannada script: ಹಾತ್
      • Latin script: hat
    • Old Marathi: hatha, hāṭa, hāta, hātha
      • Modi script: 𑘮𑘞, 𑘮𑘰𑘘, 𑘮𑘰𑘝, 𑘮𑘰𑘞
      • Devanagari script: हथ, हाट, हात, हाथ
        • Marathi: हात (hāt)
• Pali: hattha
  • → Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
  • → Thai: หัตถ์
• → Hindi: हस्त (hast)
• → Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)
• → Malay: hasta
  • Indonesian: hasta
• → Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)
• → Old Javanese: hasta
  • Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
  • → Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)
• → Old Marathi:

  Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

  Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

  • → Marathi: हस्त (hasta)
• → Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)
• → Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

• Monier Williams (1899) “हस्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1294.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “हस्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हस्त”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 812
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hásta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press