हिवाळा
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Marathi
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit हिम (himá, “cold; frost; snow; winter”) + काल (kālá, “time; season”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). Related to हिवाळी (hivāḷī, “winter”) (adjective).
Pronunciation
Noun
हिवाळा • (hivāḷā) m
Declension
| Declension of हिवाळा (masc ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
हिवाळा hivāḷā | ||
| direct plural |
हिवाळे hivāḷe | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
हिवाळा hivāḷā |
हिवाळे hivāḷe | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
हिवाळ्या hivāḷyā |
हिवाळ्यां- hivāḷyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
हिवाळ्याला hivāḷyālā |
हिवाळ्यांना hivāḷyānnā | |
| ergative | हिवाळ्याने, हिवाळ्यानं hivāḷyāne, hivāḷyāna |
हिवाळ्यांनी hivāḷyānnī | |
| instrumental | हिवाळ्याशी hivāḷyāśī |
हिवाळ्यांशी hivāḷyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
हिवाळ्यात hivāḷyāt |
हिवाळ्यांत hivāḷyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
हिवाळ्या hivāḷyā |
हिवाळ्यांनो hivāḷyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of हिवाळा (masc ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
हिवाळ्याचा hivāḷyāċā |
हिवाळ्याचे hivāḷyāċe |
हिवाळ्याची hivāḷyācī |
हिवाळ्याच्या hivāḷyācā |
हिवाळ्याचे, हिवाळ्याचं hivāḷyāċe, hivāḷyāċa |
हिवाळ्याची hivāḷyācī |
हिवाळ्याच्या hivāḷyācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
हिवाळ्यांचा hivāḷyānċā |
हिवाळ्यांचे hivāḷyānċe |
हिवाळ्यांची hivāḷyāñcī |
हिवाळ्यांच्या hivāḷyāncā |
हिवाळ्यांचे, हिवाळ्यांचं hivāḷyānċe, hivāḷyānċa |
हिवाळ्यांची hivāḷyāñcī |
हिवाळ्यांच्या hivāḷyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Further reading
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हिवाळा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 168
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हिंवाळा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 902
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “हिंव”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 3208.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “himakāla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 815