है

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See also: ह, हूँ, हृ, हे, and हैं

Hindi

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
    Sanskrit आ (ā)
    Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
    Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
    Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-
    Proto-Indo-European *tḱéyti
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáyti
    Sanskrit क्षेति॑ (kṣéti)
    Sanskrit आक्षे॑ति (ā́kṣeti)
    Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (akkhaï)
    Old Hindi आहि (āhi)
    Old Hindi है (hai)
    Hindi है (hai)

    Inherited from Old Hindi है (hai), आहि (āhi). Per Turner, from a variant of Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (akkhaï), supposing आहि (āhi) < Prakrit *𑀆𑀳𑁂𑀇 (*āhei) < Pre-Prakrit *𑀆𑀔𑁂𑀢𑀺 (*ākheti) < Sanskrit आक्षेति (ākṣeti, “dwells”). This is phonetically convincing and supported by cognates like Magahi 𑂯𑂶 (hai) ~ 𑂯𑂍𑂶 (hakai) and Sindhi (ā̃hĭ̄ni, “they are”) that appear to derive from *𑀆𑀳𑁂𑀇 (*āhei). In this case, doublet of अछना (achnā) and also cognate with Marathi आहे (āhe, “is”), Bengali আছে (ache, “is”), Maithili अछि (achi), Gujarati છે (che, “is”).[1]

    Other alternative etymologies suggest derivation from Sanskrit अस्ति (asti, “it is”) or भवति (bhavati, “it is”), but these are less convincing.[2] See also हो (ho) and हुआ (huā).

    Pronunciation

    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɦɛː/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Audio:(file)

    Verb

    है • (hai) (Urdu spelling ہے)

    1. third-person singular present indicative of होना (honā): (he, she, it) is

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    References

    1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ākṣeti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
    2. ^ Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 370

    Magahi

    Etymology

    Cognate with Maithili अछि (achɨ), Bhojpuri होब (hōb), Hindi है (hai), Marathi आहे (āhe).

    Verb

    है (hai) (Kaithi 𑂯𑂶)

    1. weak form of हकै (is)
      हमरा एगो भाए है।
      hamarā ego bhāe hai.
      I have a brother.

    Old Hindi

      Verb

      है (hai)

      1. third-person singular present of होना (honā); is
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