কঠোর

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Bengali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit কঠোর (kaṭhora). Compare Assamese কঠোৰ (kothür), Odia କଠୋର (kaṭhora), Hindustani کٹھور / कठोर (kaṭhor). Doublet of কঠিন (koṭhin).

Pronunciation

  • (Rarh) IPA(key): /kɔt̪ʰoɾ/,
    Audio:(file)
  • (Dhaka) IPA(key): /kɔt̪ʰoɹ/,

Adjective

কঠোর • (koṭhōr) (comparative আরও কঠোর, superlative সবচেয়ে কঠোর)

  1. firm, stiff
    Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), শক্ত (śokto)
  2. harsh, stern, severe, strict
    Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), উগ্র (ugro), অত্যুগ্র (ottugro), কটকটে (koṭkoṭe)
  3. unflinching
  4. cruel, heartless
    Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), হৃদয়হীন (hridẏohin), অকরুণ (okrun), অরবু (orbu)

Derived terms

References

  • Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “কঠোর”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
  • Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-English, কঠোর, Government of Bangladesh
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