ঘাম

See also: ঘমা and ঘামা

Assamese

Etymology

Assamese verb set
ঘাম (gham)
ঘমা (ghoma)
ঘমোৱা (ghomüa)
ঘমোওৱা (ghomüüa)

Inherited from Sanskrit ঘৰ্ম (gharma, “heat”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mós (“warmth, heat”). Cognate with Sylheti ꠊꠣꠝ (gámo), Marathi घाम (ghām), Konkani घाम (ghām) and Romani kham (“sun”). Doublet of গৰম (gorom).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡʱam/

Noun

ঘাম • (gham) (classifier -খিনি)

sweat

Declension

Declension of ঘাম
nominative	ঘাম / ঘামে gham / ghame
genitive	ঘামৰ ghamor
nominative	ঘাম / ঘামে gham / ghame
accusative	ঘাম / ঘামক gham / ghamok
dative	ঘামলৈ ghamoloi
terminative	ঘামলৈকে ghamoloike
instrumental	ঘামে / ঘামেৰে ghame / ghamere
genitive	ঘামৰ ghamor
locative	ঘামত ghamot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural. Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc. Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive. Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too. Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common. Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese. Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

Verb

ঘাম • (gham) (intransitive)

to sweat
এই ৰ’দত দৌৰি গোটেই গা ঘামি গৈছে।
ei rödot douri gütei ga ghami goise.
Running in this sunlight, the whole body sweated.

(Kamarupi):
এই ৰোদোত দাউৰি গট্টে’ গাউ ঘামি গেছি।
ei rüdüt dauri gottë gau ghami gesi.
Running in this sunlight, the whole body sweated.

Synonym: ঘাম ওলা (gham üla)

Conjugation

impersonal forms of ঘাম

		Affirmative (+)	Negative (-)
Stem		ঘাম gham	নাঘাম negham
Gerund, Past participle, Agentive		ঘমা ghoma	নঘমা noghoma
Conjugative		ঘামি ghami	নাঘামি neghami
Infinitive		ঘামিব ghamibo	নাঘামিব neghamibo
Genitive infinitive		ঘামিবৰ ghamibor	নাঘামিবৰ neghamibor
Goal		ঘামিবলৈ ghamiboloi	নাঘামিবলৈ neghamiboloi
Terminative		ঘামিবলৈকে ghamiboloike	নাঘামিবলৈকে neghamiboloike
Future passive participle		ঘামিবলগা / ঘামিবলগীয়া ghamibologa / ghamibologia	নাঘামিবলগা / নাঘামিবলগীয়া neghamibologa / neghamibologia
Agentive (emphatic)	(♂)	ঘামোঁতা ghamü̃ta	নাঘামোঁতা neghamü̃ta
Agentive (emphatic)	♀	ঘামঁতী ghamõti	নাঘামঁতী neghamõti
Contingent		ঘামোঁতে ghamü͂te	নাঘামোঁতে neghamü͂te
Progressive participle		ঘামোঁতে ঘামোঁতে ghamü͂te ghamü͂te	নাঘামোঁতে নাঘামোঁতে neghamü͂te neghamü͂te
Reason		ঘামাত ghamat	নাঘামাত neghamat
Past conditional		ঘামিলত ghamilot	নাঘামিলত neghamilot
Future conditional		ঘামিলে ghamile	নাঘামিলে neghamile
Perfect participle		ঘামি ghami	নাঘামি neghami
Habitual participle		ঘামি ঘামি ghami ghami	নাঘামি নাঘামি neghami neghami

Conjugation forms of ঘাম

Person		First person	Second person			Third person
Person		First person	Very faml. & Inferior	Familiar	Honorific		Non honorific
Singular		মই moi	তই toi	তুমি tumi	আপুনি apuni	তেওঁ etc teü͂	সি ♂, তাই ♀ etc xi ♂, tai ♀
Plural	i	আমি ami	তহঁত tohõt	তোমালোক tümalük	আপোনালোক apünalük	তেওঁলোক teü͂lük	সিহঁত etc xihõt
Plural	t	আমি ami	তহঁতে tohõte	তোমালোকে tümalüke	আপোনালোকে apünalüke	তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke	সিহঁতে etc xihõte
Present
Indefinite	+	ঘামোঁ ghamü͂	ঘাম ghamo	ঘামা ghama	ঘামে ghame
Indefinite	-	নাঘামোঁ neghamü͂	নাঘাম neghamo	নাঘামা neghama	নাঘামে neghame
Imperfective	+	ঘামিছোঁ ghamisü͂	ঘামিছ ghamiso	ঘামিছা ghamisa	ঘামিছে ghamise
	-	Imperfective
		ঘমা নাই ghoma nai
		"not about to" (usage is not common)
		নাঘামিছোঁ neghamisü͂	নাঘামিছ neghamiso	নাঘামিছা neghamisa	নাঘামিছে neghamise
Continuous	+	ঘামি আছোঁ ghami asü͂	ঘামি আছ ghami aso	ঘামি আছা ghami asa	ঘামি আছে ghami ase
Continuous	-	ঘামি থকা নাই ghami thoka nai
Past
Simple	+	ঘামিলোঁ ghamilü͂	ঘামিলি ghamili	ঘামিলা ghamila	ঘামিলে ghamile
Simple	-	নাঘামিলোঁ neghamilü͂	নাঘামিলি neghamili	নাঘামিলা neghamila	নাঘামিলে neghamile
Imperfective	+	ঘামিছিলোঁ ghamisilü͂	ঘামিছিলি ghamisili	ঘামিছিলা ghamisila	ঘামিছিলে ghamisile
	-	Imperfective
		ঘমা নাছিলোঁ ghoma nasilü͂	ঘমা নাছিলি ghoma nasili	ঘমা নাছিলা ghoma nasila	ঘমা নাছিলে ghoma nasile
		Habitual
		নাঘামিছিলোঁ neghamisilü͂	নাঘামিছিলি neghamisili	নাঘামিছিলা neghamisila	নাঘামিছিলে neghamisile
Continuous	+	ঘামি আছিলোঁ ghami asilü͂	ঘামি আছিলি ghami asili	ঘামি আছিলা ghami asila	ঘামি আছিলে ghami asile
Continuous	-	ঘামি থকা নাছিলোঁ ghami thoka nasilü͂	ঘামি থকা নাছিলি ghami thoka nasili	ঘামি থকা নাছিলা ghami thoka nasila	ঘামি থকা নাছিলে ghami thoka nasile
Future
Indicative	+	ঘামিম ghamim	ঘামিবি ghamibi	ঘামিবা ghamiba	ঘামিব ghamibo
	-	Indicative
		নাঘামোঁ neghamü͂	নাঘাম neghamo	নাঘামা neghama	নাঘামে neghame
		"Perhaps"
		নাঘামিম neghamim	নাঘামিবি neghamibi	নাঘামিবা neghamiba	নাঘামিব neghomibo
Continuous	+	ঘামি থাকিম ghami thakim	ঘামি থাকিবি ghami thakibi	ঘামি থাকিবা ghami thakiba	ঘামি থাকিব ghami thakibo
	-
		Indicative
		ঘামি নাথাকোঁ ghami nathakü̃	ঘামি নাথাক ghami nathako	ঘামি নাথাকা ghami nathaka	ঘামি নাথাকে ghami nathake
		"Perhaps"
		ঘামি নাথাকিম ghami nathakim	ঘামি নাথাকিবি ghami nathakibi	ঘামি নাথাকিবা ghami nathakiba	ঘামি নাথাকিব ghami nathakibo
Others
Imperative	+	ঘামোঁ ghamü͂	ঘাম gham	ঘামা ghama	ঘামক ghamok
Imperative	-	—	নাঘামিবি neghamibi	নাঘামিবা neghamiba	নাঘামিব neghamibo
❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case.
❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোহঁক (ami korühõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc.
❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle).
❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns.