Borrowed from Sanskrit जीव (jīvá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́iHwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰiHwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós, from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).
জীৱ • (ziwo)
| Indefinite forms | Definite forms | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| numeral | non-numeral (plural) | ||||||||||
| singular | plural | informal | formal | ||||||||
| absolutive | জীৱ ziwo |
জীৱটো ziwotü |
জীৱকেইটা ziwokeita |
জীৱবোৰ ziwobür |
জীৱবিলাক ziwobilak |
জীৱসমূহ ziwoxomuh | |||||
| ergative | জীৱই ziwoi |
জীৱটোৱে ziwotüe |
জীৱকেইটাই ziwokeitai |
জীৱবোৰে ziwobüre |
জীৱবিলাকে ziwobilake |
জীৱসমূহে ziwoxomuhe | |||||
| accusative | জীৱক ziwok |
জীৱটোক ziwotük |
জীৱকেইটাক ziwokeitak |
জীৱবোৰক ziwobürok |
জীৱবিলাকক ziwobilakok |
জীৱসমূহক ziwoxomuhok | |||||
| genitive | জীৱৰ ziwor |
জীৱটোৰ ziwotür |
জীৱকেইটাৰ ziwokeitar |
জীৱবোৰৰ ziwobüror |
জীৱবিলাকৰ ziwobilakor |
জীৱসমূহৰ ziwoxomuhor | |||||
| dative | জীৱলৈ ziwoloi |
জীৱটোলৈ ziwotüloi |
জীৱকেইটালৈ ziwokeitaloi |
জীৱবোৰলৈ ziwobüroloi |
জীৱবিলাকলৈ ziwobilakoloi |
জীৱসমূহলৈ ziwoxomuholoi | |||||
| terminative | জীৱলৈকে ziwoloike |
জীৱটোলৈকে ziwotüloike |
জীৱকেইটালৈকে ziwokeitaloike |
জীৱবোৰলৈকে ziwobüroloike |
জীৱবিলাকলৈকে ziwobilakoloike |
জীৱসমূহলৈকে ziwoxomuholoike | |||||
| instrumental | জীৱৰে ziwore |
জীৱটোৰে ziwotüre |
জীৱকেইটাৰে ziwokeitare |
জীৱবোৰেৰে ziwobürere |
জীৱবিলাকেৰে ziwobilakere |
জীৱসমূহেৰে ziwoxomuhere | |||||
| locative | জীৱত ziwot |
জীৱটোত ziwotüt |
জীৱকেইটাত ziwokeitat |
জীৱবোৰত ziwobürot |
জীৱবিলাকত ziwobilakot |
জীৱসমূহত ziwoxomuhot | |||||
| Accusative Note: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative Note 1: Some speakers use -অলৈ (-oloi)'s variant -অলে (-ole) instead. Dative Note 2: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative Note 3: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Instrumental Note 1: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) marks this case instead of -এৰে (-ere). Instrumental Note 2: Sometimes -এ (-e) marks this case. Locative Note: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in some cases. | |||||||||||
(kind, type):
| Indefinite forms | Definite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| numeral | non-numeral (plural) | ||||||||
| singular | plural | informal | |||||||
| absolutive | জীৱ ziwo |
জীৱবিধ ziwobidh |
জীৱকেইবিধ ziwokeibidh |
জীৱবোৰ ziwobür |
জীৱবিলাক ziwobilak | ||||
| ergative | জীৱই ziwoi |
জীৱবিধে ziwobidhe |
জীৱকেইবিধে ziwokeibidhe |
জীৱবোৰে ziwobüre |
জীৱবিলাকে ziwobilake | ||||
| accusative | জীৱক ziwok |
জীৱবিধক ziwobidhok |
জীৱকেইবিধক ziwokeibidhok |
জীৱবোৰক ziwobürok |
জীৱবিলাকক ziwobilakok | ||||
| genitive | জীৱৰ ziwor |
জীৱবিধৰ ziwobidhor |
জীৱকেইবিধৰ ziwokeibidhor |
জীৱবোৰৰ ziwobüror |
জীৱবিলাকৰ ziwobilakor | ||||
| dative | জীৱলৈ ziwoloi |
জীৱবিধলৈ ziwobidholoi |
জীৱকেইবিধলৈ ziwokeibidholoi |
জীৱবোৰলৈ ziwobüroloi |
জীৱবিলাকলৈ ziwobilakoloi | ||||
| instrumental | জীৱৰে ziwore |
জীৱবিধেৰে ziwobidhere |
জীৱকেইবিধেৰে ziwokeibidhere |
জীৱবোৰেৰে ziwobürere |
জীৱবিলাকেৰে ziwobilakere | ||||
| locative | জীৱত ziwot |
জীৱবিধত ziwobidhot |
জীৱকেইবিধত ziwokeibidhot |
জীৱবোৰত ziwobürot |
জীৱবিলাকত ziwobilakot | ||||
| Accusative Note: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative Note 1: Some speakers use -অলৈ (-oloi)'s variant -অলে (-ole) instead. Dative Note 2: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative Note 3: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Instrumental Note 1: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) marks this case instead of -এৰে (-ere). Instrumental Note 2: Sometimes -এ (-e) marks this case. Locative Note: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in some cases. | |||||||||