က

က U+1000, က MYANMAR LETTER KA ← ࿚ Myanmar ခ →

Burmese

Pronunciation

• Phonetic respellings: က, ဂ
• IPA^(key): /ka̰/, /ɡa̰/
• Romanization: MLCTS: ka. • ALA-LC: ka • BGN/PCGN: ka./ga. • Okell: ká/ká

• Audio

  (file)

Usage notes

• The voiced pronunciation /ɡa̰/ occurs in the conjunction, particle, and postposition only, and only after a vowel or /ɴ/.
• When followed by ျ and ြ, forms digraphs ကျ and ကြ, pronounced /t͡ɕ/ (in unvoiced positions) or /d͡ʑ/ when voiced.

Etymology 1

Letter

က • (ka.)

1. Ka, the first letter of the Burmese alphabet, called ကကြီး (ka.kri:) in Burmese.

Etymology 2

Conjunction

က • (ka.)

1. if

   မိုးရွာက ― mui:rwaka. ― if it rains

Synonyms

• ရင် (rang)
• လျှင် (hlyang) (literary)
• အကယ်၍ (a.kairwe)

Etymology 3

Compare Korean 가 (-ga, “subject marker”).

Particle

က • (ka.)

1. indicates the subject of the sentence, a topic marker

   သူက ဒီလို ပြောခဲ့တယ်

   suka. dilui prau:hkai.tai

   He said like this.

Etymology 4

Postposition

က • (ka.)

1. in, on (in reference to a point in time in the past)

   ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့နှစ်က ― pri:hkai.tai.hnacka. ― (in the) last year

2. from (in reference to a place)

   တောင်ဘက်က ― taungbhakka. ― from the south

   ရန်ကုန်က ― rankunka. ― from Rangoon

Etymology 5

Cognate with Chinese 歌 (gē, “to sing”) and Tibetan གར (gar, “to dance”).

Verb

က • (ka.)

1. to dance

Synonyms

• ကခုန် (ka.hkun)

Etymology 6

Borrowed from Mon က.

Noun

က • (ka.)

1. (only used in compounds) fish

References

• “က” in Burmese/Myanmar Dictionary of Grammatical Forms (Routledge 2001, →ISBN), by John Okell and Anna Allott.
• “က” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

Mon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaʔ/

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

An instance of Translingual က, ultimately descending from Brahmi 𑀓.

Letter

က (ka)

1. Ka, the first consonant of the Mon alphabet.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ (“fish”).

Noun

က (ka)

1. fish

   ကအရံၚ် (kaʼaraṃṅ)

Etymology 3

Noun

က (ka)

1. howdah harness saddle.
2. fulcrum, short prop

Etymology 4

Verb

က (ka)

1. to be lacking.
2. to fail.

   ရုံဟွံကပဵုသှာတ်အာဣရ။

   ruṃhwaṃkapeushātʼāʼira.

   There is enough and to spare.

   သြန်မသုန်စှော်ဟွံက။

   sranmasunchokhwaṃka.

   There is fifty rupees and more.

Etymology 5

Verb

က (transliteration needed)

1. to harness a horse or any draught animal.

References

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

က m

1. Burmese script form of ka (“who (m.)”)

Declension

Pronoun

က n

1. Burmese script form of ka (“what”)

Declension