თალგამი
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Georgian
Etymology
Ultimately borrowed from Middle Persian. See Persian شلغم (šalğam). Doublet of შალღამი (šalɣami). For the initial consonant compare Arabic ثَلْجَم (ṯaljam), Persian ثلجم (saljam).
Pronunciation
Noun
თალგამი • (talgami) (plural თალგამები)
- Brassica rapa, turnip
- Synonym: შალღამი (šalɣami) — Javakheti, Meskheti, Chveneburi
Inflection
| Declension of თალგამი (see Georgian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
| nominative | თალგამი (talgami) | თალგამები (talgamebi) | თალგამნი (talgamni) |
| ergative | თალგამმა (talgamma) | თალგამებმა (talgamebma) | თალგამთ(ა) (talgamt(a)) |
| dative | თალგამს(ა) (talgams(a)) | თალგამებს(ა) (talgamebs(a)) | თალგამთ(ა) (talgamt(a)) |
| genitive | თალგამის(ა) (talgamis(a)) | თალგამების(ა) (talgamebis(a)) | თალგამთ(ა) (talgamt(a)) |
| instrumental | თალგამით(ა) (talgamit(a)) | თალგამებით(ა) (talgamebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | თალგამად(ა) (talgamad(a)) | თალგამებად(ა) (talgamebad(a)) | |
| vocative | თალგამო (talgamo) | თალგამებო (talgamebo) | თალგამნო (talgamno) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
| Postpositional inflection of თალგამი (see Georgian postpositions) | ||
|---|---|---|
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | თალგამზე (talgamze) | თალგამებზე (talgamebze) |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | თალგამთან (talgamtan) | თალგამებთან (talgamebtan) |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | თალგამში (talgamši) | თალგამებში (talgamebši) |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | თალგამივით (talgamivit) | თალგამებივით (talgamebivit) |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | თალგამისთვის (talgamistvis) | თალგამებისთვის (talgamebistvis) |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | თალგამისებრ (talgamisebr) | თალგამებისებრ (talgamebisebr) |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | თალგამისკენ (talgamisḳen) | თალგამებისკენ (talgamebisḳen) |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | თალგამისგან (talgamisgan) | თალგამებისგან (talgamebisgan) |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | თალგამიდან (talgamidan) | თალგამებიდან (talgamebidan) |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | თალგამითურთ (talgamiturt) | თალგამებითურთ (talgamebiturt) |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | თალგამამდე (talgamamde) | თალგამებამდე (talgamebamde) |
Descendants
- → Andi: талган (talgan)
- → Avar: талган (talgan)
- → Chamalal: таргам (targam), тарган (targan)
- → Karata: талган
- → Laz: თარგამი (targami)
- → Mingrelian: თალგამი (talgami)
- → Ossetian: талгами (talgami) — South Ossetia
- → Tindi: таргам
Further reading
- Eristavi, Rapiel (1884) Краткий грузино-русско-латинский словарь, из трех естественных царств природы [Concise Georgian–Russian–Latin dictionary, from the three natural kingdoms], Тифлис: тип. Канцелярии главноначальствующего гражд. частью на Кавказе, § 309, page 20
- Mirianischvili, Pierre (1910) “Sur le rapport mutuel entre le géorgien et l'arménien”, in Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie comparée (in French), volume 43, Paris, page 251 of 233–270