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Since long connected with Old Armenianգայլ(gayl, “wolf”)[1][2] and usually considered a borrowing from it, replacing the native term due to a taboo.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Note that dialectal Armenian գել(gel) is a late development within Armenian and is not particularly relevant for the comparison.
According to Klimov's earlier work, from Proto-Georgian-Zan*mgel-(“wolf”), he however remarks that in Mingrelian-Laz*მგარ-(*mgar-) is expected.[12] In Klimov's more recent works, he no longer reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan, and is inclined to agree with the Armenian origin.[13][14][15][16]
^ Riabinin, Michel (1894) “Essai sur l'histoire comparée des liquides ivériennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume VIII, page 371 of 369–381
^ Marr, N. (1901) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга III. Ипполит. Толкование Песни песней. Грузинский текст по рукописи X в. [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book III. Hippolytus. Commentary on the Song of Songs. The Georgian text based on a 10th c. manuscript] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page LXV
^ Kluge, Theodor (1914) “Die Indo-Germanischen Lehnwörter im Georgischen (Suite)”, in Revue de linguistique et de philologie comparée (in German), volume 47, Paris, page 31
^ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9) (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 33
^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 512b
^ Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 416
^ Tuite, Kevin, Schulze, Wolfgang (1998) “A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus”, in Anthropological Linguistics, volume 40, number 3, page 372 of 363–383
^ Greppin, John A. C. (2000) “Armenian and the Kartvelian Languages”, in Y. L. Arbeitman, editor, The Asia Minor Connexion: Studies on the Pre-Greek Languages in Memory of Charles Carter, Leuven – Paris: Peeters, page 88, footnote 18 of 85–91
^ Fähnrich, Heinz (1994) Grammatik der altgeorgischen Sprache (in German), Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, page 250
^ Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*mgel-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 130
^ Климов, Г. А. (1969) “Абхазоадыгско-картвельские лексические параллели [Abkhaz-Adyghe and Kartvelian lexical parallels]”, in Этимология (in Russian), number 1967, Moscow: Nauka, page 290 of 286–295
^ Klimov, G. A. (1985) “Дополнения к этимологическому словарю картвельских языков. II [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages. II]”, in Этимология (in Russian), number 1983, Moscow: Nauka, page 168 of 166–179
^ Климов, Г. А. (1986) Введение в кавказское языкознание [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
^ Klimov, G. A. (1994) Einführung in die kaukasische Sprachwissenschaft [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics] (in German), German adaptation by Jost Gippert, Hamburg: Buske Helmut, page 196
Further reading
Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “მგელი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 225
Deeters, Gerhard (1926) “Armenisch und Südkaukasisch. (Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Sprachmischung)”, in A. Dirr, editor, Caucasica: Zeitschrift für die Erforschung der Sprachen und Kulturen des Kaukasus (in German), number 3, Leipzig: Verlag der Asia Major, page 67 of 37–82
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 397, considering the similarity with the Armenian accidental