ნიყვი
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Georgian
Alternative forms
Etymology
According to Fähnrich, from Proto-Kartvelian *niq̇w- and cognate with Svan ნე̄ყუ̂ი (nēq̇ûi).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
ნიყვი • (niq̇vi) (plural ნიყვები)
- Caesar's mushroom (Amanita caesarea)
- Synonyms: სოკოწითელა (soḳoc̣itela) (Imereti), სოკოკვერცხა (soḳoḳvercxa), მარქვალა (markvala) (Guria), მინდვრის ზოკო (mindvris zoḳo) (Mtiuleti)
Inflection
| Declension of ნიყვი (see Georgian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
| nominative | ნიყვი (niq̇vi) | ნიყვები (niq̇vebi) | ნიყვნი (niq̇vni) |
| ergative | ნიყვმა (niq̇vma) | ნიყვებმა (niq̇vebma) | ნიყვთ(ა) (niq̇vt(a)) |
| dative | ნიყვს(ა) (niq̇vs(a)) | ნიყვებს(ა) (niq̇vebs(a)) | ნიყვთ(ა) (niq̇vt(a)) |
| genitive | ნიყვის(ა) (niq̇vis(a)) | ნიყვების(ა) (niq̇vebis(a)) | ნიყვთ(ა) (niq̇vt(a)) |
| instrumental | ნიყვით(ა) (niq̇vit(a)) | ნიყვებით(ა) (niq̇vebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | ნიყვად(ა) (niq̇vad(a)) | ნიყვებად(ა) (niq̇vebad(a)) | |
| vocative | ნიყვო (niq̇vo) | ნიყვებო (niq̇vebo) | ნიყვნო (niq̇vno) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
| Postpositional inflection of ნიყვი (see Georgian postpositions) | ||
|---|---|---|
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | ნიყვზე (niq̇vze) | ნიყვებზე (niq̇vebze) |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | ნიყვთან (niq̇vtan) | ნიყვებთან (niq̇vebtan) |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | ნიყვში (niq̇vši) | ნიყვებში (niq̇vebši) |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | ნიყვივით (niq̇vivit) | ნიყვებივით (niq̇vebivit) |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | ნიყვისთვის (niq̇vistvis) | ნიყვებისთვის (niq̇vebistvis) |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | ნიყვისებრ (niq̇visebr) | ნიყვებისებრ (niq̇vebisebr) |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | ნიყვისკენ (niq̇visḳen) | ნიყვებისკენ (niq̇vebisḳen) |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | ნიყვისგან (niq̇visgan) | ნიყვებისგან (niq̇vebisgan) |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | ნიყვისადმი (niq̇visadmi) | ნიყვებისადმი (niq̇vebisadmi) |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | ნიყვიდან (niq̇vidan) | ნიყვებიდან (niq̇vebidan) |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | ნიყვითურთ (niq̇viturt) | ნიყვებითურთ (niq̇vebiturt) |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | ნიყვამდე (niq̇vamde) | ნიყვებამდე (niq̇vebamde) |
Descendants
- →? Mingrelian: ნიყვი (niq̇vi)
References
- ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 321
- ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2016) Die Kartwelier: Grundsprache, Kultur, Lebensraum (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 10
- ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2019) Der Erbwortschatz der Kartwelsprachen [The inherited vocabulary of Kartvelian languages] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 53
Further reading
- Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ნიყვი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
- “Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers.”, in Sakartvelos soḳoebisa da likenebis etnobiologia [Ethnobiology of fungi and lichens of Georgia] (overall work in Georgian and English), 2014–2017
- Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ნიყვი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary], Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 488b
- Maq̇ašvili, Aleksandre (1961) “ნიყვი, სოკოწითელა”, in Boṭaniḳuri leksiḳoni [Botanical Dictionary], 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Sabč̣ota Sakartvelo
- “ნიკვი”, in Kartuli dialekṭuri ḳorṗusi (in Georgian), Kartuli dialekṭuri ḳorṗusi, 2006–2014
Mingrelian
Etymology
Supposedly borrowed from Georgian ნიყვი (niq̇vi).
Noun
ნიყვი • (niq̇vi) (plural ნიყვეფი)
- Alternative form of ლიყვი (liq̇vi, “European mistletoe”) (Viscum album)
- Synonym of მარქვალიშ გური (markvališ guri, “Caesar's mushroom”) (Amanita caesarea)
Further reading
- Kajaia, Otar (2005) “ნიყვი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 1049
- Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ნიყვი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 290a, glossed as Viscum album
- Kobalia, Alio (2010) “ლიყვი”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7), online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN, glossed as Viscum album
- Pipia, Daniel (2008) “ლიყვი”, in Tamaz Pipia, Givi Boǯgua, editors, Megruli saleksiḳono masalebi [Megrelian dictionary materials] (Ḳolxuri seria; 3), online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN, glossed as Viscum album