ᚦᛡᛏ

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Proto-Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þat (neuter of *sa (that)), from Proto-Indo-European *tód (neuter of *só (that)). Cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata).

Pronoun

ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt /þat/) (Transitional Period)

  1. that (nominative and accusative singular neuter demonstrative pronoun)
    • 500-700AD Stentoften Runestone
      [] ᚺᛖᚱᚼᛗᚼᛚᚼᛋᚼᛦ ᚼᚱᚼᚷᛖᚢ ᚹᛖᛚᚼᛞᚢᛞᛋᚼ ᚦᚼᛏ ᛒᚼᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ
      herAmAlAsAz ArAgeu welAduds| |sA þAt bAriutiþ
      incessantly with maleficence, insidious/treacherous death, he who breaks it

Usage notes

In earlier Proto-Norse, such as the language at the time of the Golden Horns of Gallehus, this word was spelled ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), as on the By stone (KJ71; NIæR6). However, by the time of the Stentoften Runestone, the ᚨ-rune (a) had moved from a generic /a/ to specifically a nasalized /ã/ (this sound value persists into the Old Norse reflex ᚬ, transcribed ą or o), and the regular /a/ was instead represented by the ᚼ-rune (A).

Descendants