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U+1D08, ᴈ
LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OPEN E

Phonetic Extensions
See also: ɜ , з , and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Translingual

Alternative forms

(IPA): The letter was adopted into the IPA in 1921 as a turned epsilon . Sometime between the IPA chart published in 1957 and the 1989 Kiel Convention, it started to be rendered as a reversed epsilon ɜ, its current form.

Etymology

The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet makes regular use of 180°-rotation to denote a reduced form of a given sound.

Symbol

  1. (IPA, obsolete) An open-mid central unrounded vowel.
  2. (superscript ⟨ᶟ⟩, IPA) -coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo .
  3. (UPA) a reduced ɛ vowel.
  4. (superscript ⟨ᶟ⟩, UPA) an extremely short or fleeting .