ḫftj

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Egyptian

Etymology

From ḫft (facing, opposite) +‎ -j (nisba ending); the noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

Pronunciation

Adjective

x
f
t y
  1. opposing

Inflection

Alternative forms

Noun

x
f
t y
A13

 m

  1. enemy, adversary
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 21–22:
      U5
      a
      Nsn
      Z2
      n
      zAZ1
      H_SPACE
      stt
      H8
      x t
      f
      A13
      f
      xr
      n
      q
      n
      nDs
      f
      mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j).f ḫr n qn.f
      To the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary, fallen through his (own) violence.
    • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 13:
      z
      U5
      axrwY2
      k
      r
      x
      t
      f
      A14N33A
      k
      smꜣꜥ-ḫrw.k r ḫft(j)w.k
      May you be vindicated against your enemies!

Inflection

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉϥⲧ (xeft)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϥϯ (šafti)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉϥϯ (šefti)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲧⲉ (šafte)

References

  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 40, 88, 91, 339.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 71