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ḫurāṣum. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
ḫurāṣum, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
ḫurāṣum in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Akkadian
Etymology
Compare Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥɔrúṣ, “gold”) and Ugaritic 𐎃𐎗𐎕 (ḫrṣ /ḫurāṣu/).
Pronunciation
Noun
ḫurāṣum m (from Old Akkadian on)
- gold
1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code, The Louvre, Law 7:𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇻 𒆬𒌓 𒇻 𒆬𒄀 𒇻 𒀴 𒇻 𒊩𒆳 𒇻 𒄞 𒇻 𒇻 𒇻 𒀲 𒅇 𒇻 𒈪𒅎𒈠 𒋳𒋗 𒄿𒈾 𒂵𒀜 𒌉 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒅇 𒇻 𒀴 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒁀𒈝 𒅆𒁉 𒅇 𒊑𒅅𒊓𒁴 𒅖𒋫𒄠 𒅇 𒇻 𒀀𒈾 𒈠𒍝𒊒𒁴 𒅎𒄷𒌨 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒋗𒌑 𒊬𒊏𒀝 𒀉𒁕𒀝- [šumma awīlum lū kaspam lū ḫurāṣam lū wardam lū amtam lū alpam lū immeram lū imēram ū lū mimma šumšu ina qāt mār awīlim ū lū warad awīlim balum šībī u riksātim ištām ū lū ana maṣṣarūtim imḫur awīlum šū šarrāq iddâk.]
- šum-ma a-wi-lum lu KUG.BABBAR lu KUG.SIG17 lu ÌR lu GEME2 lu GUD lu UDU lu ANŠE ù lu mi-im-ma šum-šu i-na qá-at DUMU a-wi-lim!(LUM) ù lu ÌR a-wi-lim ba-lum ši-bi ù ri-ik-sa-tim iš-ta-am ù lu a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim im-ḫu-ur a-wi-lum šu-ú šar-ra-aq id-da-ak
- If a man has purchased or accepted for safekeeping either silver or gold or a male slave or a female slave or an ox or a sheep or a donkey or anything at all from a member of the awīlum class or an awīlum’s slave without witnesses and contracts, said man is a thief; he will be executed.
- Amarna letter EA 9, Reverse, l. 11–12:
𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾 𒀀𒄷𒌑𒀀𒀀 𒁹 𒈠𒈾 𒆬𒄀 𒀀𒈾 𒋗𒌌𒈠𒉌𒅀 𒌌𒋼𒁉𒄿𒆷
𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈾𒈠 𒆬𒄀 𒈠𒀀𒀜 𒈠𒆷 𒊭 𒀊𒁉𒅗 𒋗𒁉𒆷- [inanna aḫuʾa diš mana ḫurāṣu mīnu šulmania ultebiʾila
inannama ḫurāṣu maʾad mala ša abīka šubila] - i-na-an-na a-ḫu-u₂-a-a DIŠ MA.⸢NA⸣ KU₃.SIG₁₇ a-na šu-ul-ma-ni-ia ul-te-bi-i-la
i-na-an-na-ma KU₃.SIG₁₇ ma-a-ad ma-la ša ab-bi-ka šu-bi-la - Now my brother has sent two minas of gold as a greeting gift.
Now if gold is plentiful, send as much as your fathers.
- 𒅖𒌅 𒁉𒂊 𒀀𒁲 𒆬𒄀 [ištu pê adi ḫurāsim] ― iš-tu pe₂-e a-di KU₃.SIG₁₇ ― everything (literally, “from chaff to gold”)
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms
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Phonetic
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- 𒆬𒄀 (KUG.SIG₁₇, KU₃.SIG₁₇, KUG.GI, KU₃.GI) (most common)
- 𒆬𒆠 (KU₃.KI) (Old Assyrian)
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- 𒄷𒊏𒍮 (ḫu-ra-ṣu) (rare)
- 𒄷𒊏𒍣𒅎 (ḫu-ra-ṣi₂-im) (genitive, rare)
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References
- “ḫurāṣu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011