ọkunrin

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Yoruba

Etymology

It is proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ɔ́-kʊ̃rɪ̃, this form remains the same in Central Yoruba dialects. Cognate with Arigidi ọkọ́ọrẹ. Akinkugbe suggests it may be equivalent to ọkọ (man) +‎ ẹni (person), compare with obìnrin. The /k/ consonant exists in the roots of many basic male terms, okó (penis), akọ (male), ọkọ (husband)

Pronunciation

Noun

ọkùnrin

  1. man, male
    Synonym: akọ
    Iná niyì ọdẹ, ẹ̀jẹ̀ niyì oògùn; ká rógun má mà sa, òun niyì ọkùnrinJust as fire power is the mark of a hunter, so, blood is the mark of a true medicine; and to see a war, and not run away, is the mark of a man (an incantation to invoke bravery)
    'Mo mọ̀ ọ́ tán', ni Orò ó fi ń gbé ọkùnrinThe conviction that one knows everything is what causes Òrìṣà Orò to carry away a man (proverb against taking danger for granted)
  2. manliness, bravery
    Synonym: ọkàn ọkùnrin
    a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe bí ọkùnrin lójú ogunWe must be brave in the battlefield

Synonyms

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - ọkùnrin (man)
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Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageSubdialectLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdeọkùnrẹn
Rẹ́mọẸ̀pẹ́ọkùnrẹn
Ìkòròdúọkùnrẹn
Ṣágámùọkùnrẹn
Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)Òkìtìpupaọkùnrẹn
Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)Mahinọkọ̀nrẹn
OǹdóOǹdóọkùnẹn
Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)ọkọ̀nrẹn
UsẹnUsẹnọkànrẹn
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹọnọkẹ̀rẹn
OlùkùmiUgbódùọkùnrẹn
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìokùnrin
Àkúrẹ́Àkúrẹ́okùnrin
Mọ̀bàỌ̀tùn Èkìtìokùnrin
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàọkùnrin
Ẹ̀gbáAbẹ́òkútaọkùnrin
ÈkóÈkóọkùnrin
ÌbàdànÌbàdànọkùnrin
ÌbàràpáIgbó Òràọkùnrin
Ìbọ̀lọ́Òṣogbo (Òsogbo)ọkùnrin
ÌlọrinÌlọrinọkùnrin
OǹkóÒtùọkọ̀nrin
Ìwéré Iléọkọ̀nrin
Òkèhòọkọ̀nrin
Ìsẹ́yìnọkọ̀nrin
Ṣakíọkọ̀nrin
Tedéọkùnrin
Ìgbẹ́tìọkùnrin
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́ọkùnrin
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàọkùnrin
Bɛ̀nɛ̀ɔkùnrin
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàÌsánlú Ìtẹ̀dóọkùnrin
OwéKabbaọkùnrin
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaCábɛ̀ɛ́Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú)ɔkɔ̀in
Tchaourouokɔ̀ín
Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà)Baàtɛokìin
ÌdàácàBeninIgbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀)olokìnrin, olokìrin
Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-ÌjèỌ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/ÌjèOnigbolookìin
Kétu/ÀnàgóKétuɔkùnrin
Ifɛ̀Akpáréɔnɛkĩ̀rĩ, ɔnɔkɛ̃̀ɛ̃
Atakpamɛonɛkũ̀rɛ̃, ɔlokùrĩ
Bokoonɛkìrɛ
Moretanonokɛ̃̀rẽ
Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)ɔnɔkɛ̃̀ɛ̃
KuraAwotébiɔkɛ́rɛ́
Partagoɔnɔkrɛ̃
Mɔ̄kɔ́léKandiinɛ̃mɔkɔ
Northern NagoKamboleokuɛ̃
Manigriokùɛ̃
Overseas YorubaLucumíHavanaocuni
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

References

  • Adebayo, Taofeeq SOME DIACHRONIC CHANGES IN YORUBA GRAMMAR , 2020