ἀρόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃-ye-, a ye-present from the root *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). Cognates include Old Armenian արաւր (arawr), Latin arō, Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), and Old English erian (Early Modern English ear). Related to ἄροτρον (árotron, “a plough”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.ró.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈro.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈro.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈro.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈro.o/

Verb

ἀρόω • (aróō)

to plow, till
to sow
to beget
(middle voice) to enjoy the fruits of tillage

Inflection

Present: ἀρῶ, ἀροῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀρῶ	ἀροῖς	ἀροῖ	ἀροῦτον	ἀροῦτον	ἀροῦμεν	ἀροῦτε	ἀροῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀρῶ	ἀροῖς	ἀροῖ	ἀρῶτον	ἀρῶτον	ἀρῶμεν	ἀρῶτε	ἀρῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀροίην, ἀροῖμῐ	ἀροίης, ἀροῖς	ἀροίη, ἀροῖ	ἀροῖτον, ἀροίητον	ἀροίτην, ἀροιήτην	ἀροῖμεν, ἀροίημεν	ἀροῖτε, ἀροίητε	ἀροῖεν, ἀροίησᾰν
	imperative		ἄρου	ἀρούτω	ἀροῦτον	ἀρούτων		ἀροῦτε	ἀρούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀροῦμαι	ἀροῖ	ἀροῦται	ἀροῦσθον	ἀροῦσθον	ἀρούμεθᾰ	ἀροῦσθε	ἀροῦνται
	subjunctive	ἀρῶμαι	ἀροῖ	ἀρῶται	ἀρῶσθον	ἀρῶσθον	ἀρώμεθᾰ	ἀρῶσθε	ἀρῶνται
	optative	ἀροίμην	ἀροῖο	ἀροῖτο	ἀροῖσθον	ἀροίσθην	ἀροίμεθᾰ	ἀροῖσθε	ἀροῖντο
	imperative		ἀροῦ	ἀρούσθω	ἀροῦσθον	ἀρούσθων		ἀροῦσθε	ἀρούσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀροῦν				ἀροῦσθαι
participle	m	ἀρῶν				ἀρούμενος
	f	ἀροῦσᾰ				ἀρουμένη
	n	ἀροῦν				ἀρούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρουν, ἠρούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρουν	ἤρους	ἤρου	ἠροῦτον	ἠρούτην	ἠροῦμεν	ἠροῦτε	ἤρουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρούμην	ἠροῦ	ἠροῦτο	ἠροῦσθον	ἠρούσθην	ἠρούμεθᾰ	ἠροῦσθε	ἠροῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἀρόσω, ἀρόσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀρόσω	ἀρόσεις	ἀρόσει	ἀρόσετον	ἀρόσετον	ἀρόσομεν	ἀρόσετε	ἀρόσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἀρόσοιμῐ	ἀρόσοις	ἀρόσοι	ἀρόσοιτον	ἀροσοίτην	ἀρόσοιμεν	ἀρόσοιτε	ἀρόσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀρόσομαι	ἀρόσῃ, ἀρόσει	ἀρόσεται	ἀρόσεσθον	ἀρόσεσθον	ἀροσόμεθᾰ	ἀρόσεσθε	ἀρόσονται
middle	optative	ἀροσοίμην	ἀρόσοιο	ἀρόσοιτο	ἀρόσοισθον	ἀροσοίσθην	ἀροσοίμεθᾰ	ἀρόσοισθε	ἀρόσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἀρόσειν			ἀρόσεσθαι
participle	m	ἀρόσων			ἀροσόμενος
	f	ἀρόσουσᾰ			ἀροσομένη
	n	ἀρόσον			ἀροσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἤροσᾰ, ἠροσᾰ́μην, ἠρόθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤροσᾰ	ἤροσᾰς	ἤροσε(ν)	ἠρόσᾰτον	ἠροσᾰ́την	ἠρόσᾰμεν	ἠρόσᾰτε	ἤροσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀρόσω	ἀρόσῃς	ἀρόσῃ	ἀρόσητον	ἀρόσητον	ἀρόσωμεν	ἀρόσητε	ἀρόσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀρόσαιμῐ	ἀρόσειᾰς, ἀρόσαις	ἀρόσειε(ν), ἀρόσαι	ἀρόσαιτον	ἀροσαίτην	ἀρόσαιμεν	ἀρόσαιτε	ἀρόσειᾰν, ἀρόσαιεν
	imperative		ἄροσον	ἀροσᾰ́τω	ἀρόσᾰτον	ἀροσᾰ́των		ἀρόσᾰτε	ἀροσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠροσᾰ́μην	ἠρόσω	ἠρόσᾰτο	ἠρόσᾰσθον	ἠροσᾰ́σθην	ἠροσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠρόσᾰσθε	ἠρόσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἀρόσωμαι	ἀρόσῃ	ἀρόσηται	ἀρόσησθον	ἀρόσησθον	ἀροσώμεθᾰ	ἀρόσησθε	ἀρόσωνται
	optative	ἀροσαίμην	ἀρόσαιο	ἀρόσαιτο	ἀρόσαισθον	ἀροσαίσθην	ἀροσαίμεθᾰ	ἀρόσαισθε	ἀρόσαιντο
	imperative		ἄροσαι	ἀροσᾰ́σθω	ἀρόσᾰσθον	ἀροσᾰ́σθων		ἀρόσᾰσθε	ἀροσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠρόθην	ἠρόθης	ἠρόθη	ἠρόθητον	ἠροθήτην	ἠρόθημεν	ἠρόθητε	ἠρόθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀροθῶ	ἀροθῇς	ἀροθῇ	ἀροθῆτον	ἀροθῆτον	ἀροθῶμεν	ἀροθῆτε	ἀροθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀροθείην	ἀροθείης	ἀροθείη	ἀροθεῖτον, ἀροθείητον	ἀροθείτην, ἀροθειήτην	ἀροθεῖμεν, ἀροθείημεν	ἀροθεῖτε, ἀροθείητε	ἀροθεῖεν, ἀροθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἀρόθητῐ	ἀροθήτω	ἀρόθητον	ἀροθήτων		ἀρόθητε	ἀροθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀρόσαι			ἀρόσᾰσθαι		ἀροθῆναι
participle	m	ἀρόσᾱς			ἀροσᾰ́μενος		ἀροθείς
	f	ἀρόσᾱσᾰ			ἀροσᾰμένη		ἀροθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἀρόσᾰν			ἀροσᾰ́μενον		ἀροθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀρόσιμος (arósimos)
ἄροσις (árosis)
ἀροσμός (arosmós)
ἄροτρον (árotron)
ἀροτήρ (arotḗr)
ἀρότης (arótēs)
ἀροτικός (arotikós)
ἄροτος (árotos)
ἀροτός (arotós)
ἀροτρεύς (arotreús)
ἀροτρεύω (arotreúō)
ἄρουρα (ároura)

References

“ἀρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἀρόω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἀρόω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἀρόω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἀρόω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
“ἀρόω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
ἀρόω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften