ἄζω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Connection with ἄδδαυον (áddauon) is problematic, as a compound with αὖος (aûos) is improbable; Latte corrects this in *ἀδδανον (*addanon). Nearest cognate seems Old Czech ozd (“dry malt”), Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esd-, perhaps ultimately from the root *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”).[1] Leiden scholars Beekes, Kloekhorst and Kroonen have a simpler solution: ἄζω continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-ye-, from *h₂ed- (“dry”) (of which *h₂eHs- is likely an extension of, via an earlier form *h₂ed-s-) the root found in Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫāt-, “to dry up, become parched”);[2][3] cf. words in Germanic with an added velar: Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō, “ash”), Old High German azgo (“ash”) (< Proto-Germanic *askǭ ~ *azgǭ).[4] Without the final consonants, Latin āreō (“to be dry, parched up”), probably also Latin āra, from Old Latin āsa (“altar”), which is also found in Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (h̯āššāš, “fireplace, hearth”). The Latin long a is explained from the perfect *h₂e-h₂s-,[5] though Beekes prefers a glottalic *h₂eh₁s- that dissimilated from *h₂ed-s-.[2] Further, Sanskrit आस (ā́sa, “ashes, dust”), which may continue Indo-European *h₂oso-[6] or *h₂eHso-.[2]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἄζω • (ázō)

  1. (intransitive) to dry up, parch

References

  1. ^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960) “ἄζω 1”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 25–26
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄζω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 26–27
  3. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāt-i / ḫat-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328–329
  4. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*askōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38
  5. ^ Lubotsky, KZ 98 (1985) 1–10
  6. ^ Specht Ursprung 201, 219, 232.

Etymology 2

From ἆ (â), ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare the formation of οἴζω (oízō) from οἴ (oí).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἄζω • (ázō)

  1. (intransitive) to cry, groan, sigh

Inflection

   Present: ᾰ̓́ζω, ᾰ̓́ζομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ᾰ̓́ζω ᾰ̓́ζεις ᾰ̓́ζει ᾰ̓́ζετον ᾰ̓́ζετον ᾰ̓́ζομεν ᾰ̓́ζετε ᾰ̓́ζουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ᾰ̓́ζω ᾰ̓́ζῃς ᾰ̓́ζῃ ᾰ̓́ζητον ᾰ̓́ζητον ᾰ̓́ζωμεν ᾰ̓́ζητε ᾰ̓́ζωσῐ(ν)
optative ᾰ̓́ζοιμῐ ᾰ̓́ζοις ᾰ̓́ζοι ᾰ̓́ζοιτον ᾰ̓ζοίτην ᾰ̓́ζοιμεν ᾰ̓́ζοιτε ᾰ̓́ζοιεν
imperative   ᾰ̓́ζε ᾰ̓ζέτω ᾰ̓́ζετον ᾰ̓ζέτων   ᾰ̓́ζετε ᾰ̓ζόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ᾰ̓́ζομαι ᾰ̓́ζῃ,
ᾰ̓́ζει 		ᾰ̓́ζεται ᾰ̓́ζεσθον ᾰ̓́ζεσθον ᾰ̓ζόμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́ζεσθε ᾰ̓́ζονται
subjunctive ᾰ̓́ζωμαι ᾰ̓́ζῃ ᾰ̓́ζηται ᾰ̓́ζησθον ᾰ̓́ζησθον ᾰ̓ζώμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́ζησθε ᾰ̓́ζωνται
optative ᾰ̓ζοίμην ᾰ̓́ζοιο ᾰ̓́ζοιτο ᾰ̓́ζοισθον ᾰ̓ζοίσθην ᾰ̓ζοίμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́ζοισθε ᾰ̓́ζοιντο
imperative   ᾰ̓́ζου ᾰ̓ζέσθω ᾰ̓́ζεσθον ᾰ̓ζέσθων   ᾰ̓́ζεσθε ᾰ̓ζέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ᾰ̓́ζειν ᾰ̓́ζεσθαι
participle m ᾰ̓́ζων ᾰ̓ζόμενος
f ᾰ̓́ζουσᾰ ᾰ̓ζομένη
n ᾰ̓́ζον ᾰ̓ζόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

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