ἄχρι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἄχρῐς (ákhris), ἄχρεις (ákhreis), ἄχροι (ákhroi)

Etymology

Zero grade of μέχρῐ (mékhri), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵʰ(s)ri.

The genitive is from the PIE ablative of comparison/extent.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.kʰri/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kʰri/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.xri/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.xri/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.xri/

Adverb

ἄχρῐ • (ákhri)

to the very bottom, to the uttermost, utterly
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.522
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.324
1. (after Homer, before prepositions)
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.4.4
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Nigrinus 36
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Hermotimus 24
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.1403
  - 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 6.177
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 27.4
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 2.617
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Mark Antony 34

Preposition

ἄχρῐ • (ákhri) (governs the genitive)

even to, as far as
1. (of time) until
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.370
  - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 28
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 179
  - Apollodorus, The Disappearing Man 1
  - 638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 12.35
  - 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Timostratus, Asotos 1
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Timon 39
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cicero 6
2. (of space) as far as, even to
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.138
  - 420 BCE – 380 BCE, Timaeus of Locri, Collected Works 101A
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.43
3. (of measure or degree) up to this point
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 122
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 4.37
  - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Chersonese 77

Conjunction

ἄχρῐ • (ákhri)

(of time) until, so long as
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.37
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.2
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 884F
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Collected Works 553
- 150—50 BC, Bion, Collected Works 1.47
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.117
(of space) so far as
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.4.16
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, How to Write History 9

References

“ἄχρι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄχρι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄχρι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄχρι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄχρι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
G891 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- far idem, page 306.
- till idem, page 874.

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