Ἄρης

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Ares

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• Ἄρευς (Áreus)

Usually derived from the Ionic word ἀρή (arḗ, “bane, ruin”),^[1] which could be related to Sanskrit इरस्या (irasyā, “malevolence”), suggesting a Proto-Indo-European origin.^[2]

However, Morris Silver and Pierre Chantraine propose a derivation from ἄρος (áros, “use, profit, help”) instead.^[3]

𐀀𐀩 (a-re), found in Linear B, is thought to be the oldest attested form of the name.^[4]

The α (a) is usually short in Homer and tragedy, but sometimes long, e.g. Iliad 5.31, Iliad 2..767, Argonautica 3.1187; and Aeschylus and Sophocles regularly use long ᾱ (ā).

Ἄρης • (Árēs) m (genitive Ᾰ̓́ρεως); third declension

1. (Greek mythology) Ares
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.29–33:

     ἀτὰρ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη
     χειρὸς ἑλοῦσ’ ἐπέεσσι προσηύδα θοῦρον Ἄρηα:
     “Ἆρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα
     οὐκ ἂν δὴ Τρῶας μὲν ἐάσαιμεν καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς
     μάρνασθ’, ὁπποτέροισι πατὴρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀρέξῃ

     […] atàr glaukôpis Athḗnē
     kheiròs heloûs’ epéessi prosēúda thoûron Árēa:
     “Âres Áres brotoloigè miaiphóne teikhesiplêta
     ouk àn dḕ Trôas mèn eásaimen kaì Akhaioùs
     márnasth’, hoppotéroisi patḕr Zeùs kûdos oréxēi

     {...} And flashing-eyed Athene
     took furious Ares by the hand and spake to him, saying:
     “Ares, Ares, thou bane of mortals, thou blood-stained stormer of walls,
     shall we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans
     to fight, to whichsoever of the two it be that father Zeus shall vouchsafe glory?”

     English translation by A.T. Murray @perseus

   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.455:

     Apollo speaks the same phrase: Ἆρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα (Âres Áres brotoloigè miaiphóne teikhesiplêta)

     Apollo speaks the same phrase: Âres Áres brotoloigè miaiphóne teikhesiplêta (Âres Áres brotoloigè miaiphóne teikhesiplêta)

2. Mars (planet)
3. war, warlike spirit
4. epithet of Zeus, "avenger"

• Greek: Άρης (Áris)
• Latin: Arēs
• → Russian: Аре́с (Arés), Аре́й (Aréj)
• → Old Church Slavonic: Арисъ (Arisŭ)
• Coptic: ⲁⲣⲏⲥ (arēs)

• “Ἄρης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Ἄρης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Ἄρης”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• Ἄρης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Ἄρης in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Ἄρης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “Ἄρης”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,002
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN