ἐπίσκυρος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly related to σκύρος (skúros, “chippings of stone”). Another name for the game was apparently ἐπίκοινος (epíkoinos), from ἐπι- (epi-, “on”) + κοινός (koinós, “common”). The game, or a similar game known as φαινίνδα (phainínda), was later adopted by the Romans, who renamed and transformed it into harpastum, the latinisation of the Ancient Greek ἁρπαστόν (harpastón) (neuter of ἁρπαστός (harpastós)), meaning "snatched away", from the verb ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “seize, filch, take”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pís.kyː.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈpis.ky.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈpis.cy.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈpis.cy.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈpis.ci.ros/
Noun
ἐπῐ́σκῡρος • (epĭ́skūros) m (genitive ἐπῐ́σκῡρου); second declension
- episkyros (an Ancient Greek ball game in which players on two teams attempted to throw the ball over the heads of the other team)
- Synonym: ἐπίκοινος (epíkoinos)
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος ho epĭ́skūros |
τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō |
οἱ ἐπῐ́σκῡροι hoi epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου toû epĭskū́rou |
τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin |
τῶν ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων tôn epĭskū́rōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ tôi epĭskū́rōi |
τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin |
τοῖς ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις toîs epĭskū́rois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἐπῐ́σκῡρον tòn epĭ́skūron |
τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō |
τοὺς ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους toùs epĭskū́rous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō |
ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἐπῐ́σκῡρος epĭ́skūros |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō |
ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου / ἐπῐσκῡροῖο / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιο / ἐπῐσκῡρόο / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροο epĭskū́rou / epĭskūroîo / epĭskū́roio / epĭskūróo / epĭskū́roo |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιῐν epĭskū́roiĭn |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων epĭskū́rōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ epĭskū́rōi |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιῐν epĭskū́roiĭn |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐ / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐν / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις epĭskū́roisĭ(n) / epĭskū́rois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ἐπῐ́σκῡρον epĭ́skūron |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους epĭskū́rous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō |
ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος ho epĭ́skūros |
τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō |
οἱ ἐπῐ́σκῡροι hoi epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου toû epĭskū́rou |
τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin |
τῶν ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων tôn epĭskū́rōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ tôi epĭskū́rōi |
τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐ / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐν / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις toîsĭ(n) epĭskū́roisĭ(n) / epĭskū́rois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἐπῐ́σκῡρον tòn epĭ́skūron |
τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō |
τοὺς ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους toùs epĭskū́rous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre |
ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō |
ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
References
- “ἐπίσκυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press