ἑταῖρος

See also: εταίρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἕτᾰρος (hétaros) — Epic, Doric

Etymology

PIE word
*swé

From a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”). Related to ἔτης (étēs, “clansman”).^[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Suffix unexplained

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /he.tâi̯.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)eˈtɛ.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈtɛ.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈte.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈte.ros/

Noun

ἑταῖρος • (hetaîros) m (genitive ἑταίρου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine)

comrade, companion, partner, friend
pupil, disciple
member of a religious guild
(rarely) lover, member of a pair of lovers
(in the plural) the guards i.e. the cavalry of the Macedonian kings
(as an adjective) associate of

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἑταῖρος; τοῦ ἑταίρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἑταῖρος ho hetaîros	τὼ ἑταίρω tṑ hetaírō	οἱ ἑταῖροι hoi hetaîroi
Genitive	τοῦ ἑταίρου toû hetaírou	τοῖν ἑταίροιν toîn hetaíroin	τῶν ἑταίρων tôn hetaírōn
Dative	τῷ ἑταίρῳ tôi hetaírōi	τοῖν ἑταίροιν toîn hetaíroin	τοῖς ἑταίροις toîs hetaírois
Accusative	τὸν ἑταῖρον tòn hetaîron	τὼ ἑταίρω tṑ hetaírō	τοὺς ἑταίρους toùs hetaírous
Vocative	ἑταῖρε hetaîre	ἑταίρω hetaírō	ἑταῖροι hetaîroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ἑταῖρος; ἑταίρου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἑταῖρος hetaîros	ἑταίρω hetaírō	ἑταῖροι hetaîroi
Genitive	ἑταίρου / ἑταιροῖο / ἑταίροιο / ἑταιρόο / ἑταίροο hetaírou / hetairoîo / hetaíroio / hetairóo / hetaíroo	ἑταίροιῐν hetaíroiin	ἑταίρων hetaírōn
Dative	ἑταίρῳ hetaírōi	ἑταίροιῐν hetaíroiin	ἑταίροισῐ / ἑταίροισῐν / ἑταίροις hetaíroisi(n) / hetaírois
Accusative	ἑταῖρον hetaîron	ἑταίρω hetaírō	ἑταίρους hetaírous
Vocative	ἑταῖρε hetaîre	ἑταίρω hetaírō	ἑταῖροι hetaîroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

(feminine) ἑταίρᾱ (hetaírā), ἑταίρη (hetaírē) (Ionic), ἑτᾰ́ρη (hetárē) (Epic), ἑταιρίς (hetairís), ἑταῖρα (hetaîra)

Derived terms

ἑταιρεία (hetaireía)
ἑταιρεῖος (hetaireîos)
ἑταιρέω (hetairéō)
- ἑταίρησις (hetaírēsis)
ἑταιρεύομαι (hetaireúomai)
ἑταιρίζω (hetairízō)
- ἑταίρισμα (hetaírisma)
- ἑταιρισμός (hetairismós)
- ἑταιριστής (hetairistḗs)
ἑταιρικός (hetairikós)
ἑταιροσύνη (hetairosúnē)

Descendants

→ English: hetairos (learned)
→ Greek: εταίρος (etaíros) (learned)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἑταῖρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 473-4

“ἑταῖρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἑταῖρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἑταῖρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἑταῖρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἑταῖρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἑταῖρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2083 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- associate idem, page 46.
- companion idem, page 149.
- comrade idem, page 154.
- fellow idem, page 314.
- partisan idem, page 594.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἑταῖρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 473-4

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