ἕως

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

ἕως • (héōs) f (genitive ἕω); second declension

2. Attic form of ἠώς (ēṓs)
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.7.1:

     ἐδόκει γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἕω ἥξειν βασιλέα σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι μαχούμενον

     edókei gàr eis tḕn epioûsan héō hḗxein basiléa sùn tôi strateúmati makhoúmenon

     For he thought that the king would come with his army the next morning to fight.

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂wot. Cognates include Sanskrit यावत् (yāvat).

Alternative forms

• εἵως (heíōs), εἷος (heîos), ἧος (hêos) — Epic
• ᾰ̔́ς (hás) — Aeolic, Doric
• ἇως (hâōs) — Doric

Conjunction

ἕως • (héōs)

1. (relative particle, used to express the point of time up to which an action goes)
   1. until, till
      1. (as a temporal conjunction)
         1. (with indicative) of a fact in past time
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.342, (compare Odyssey 5.123)
            • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 225, (compare Aeschylus, The Persians 428.464)
            • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 506B, (compare Cratylus 396C)
         2. (with subjunctive, relating to an uncertain event in the future)
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.291, (compare 24.183)
            • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 810
            • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 555
            • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 147
            • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 764
         3. (with optative, relating to an uncertain event in the past)
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.386, (compare 9.376)
            • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 766
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 59D
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.78
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 101D, (compare Sophocles, Women of Trachis 687)
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.386
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.800
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.367
         4. (with infinitive, only in late authors)
            • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae
      2. (with single words, mostly of adverbs of time)
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.1.25
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.143
         • 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 1:24
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.108
         • New Testament, First Epistle of John 2:9
         • 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 23:5
         1. (with a preposition)
            • Palatine Anthology 5.201
            • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.11.14
   2. (mostly at the beginning of a verse in Homer) while, as long as
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.315, (compare 17.358)
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1026
      • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 710
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.40
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.90
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.328
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.15
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.507
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.41
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.193
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.120
      1. (in Attic, with subjunctive)
         • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1435
         • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 85B
      2. (with optative, in case of repeated action)
         • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 155A

Adverb

ἕως • (héōs) (Epic)

1. for a time, like τέως (téōs)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.142
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.143
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.277
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.148
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.126

See also

References

• “ἕως”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἕως”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἕως”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἕως in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἕως in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G2193 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • aurora idem, page 53.
  • dawn idem, page 197.
  • east idem, page 259.
  • long idem, page 498.
  • morning idem, page 541.
  • till idem, page 874.
  • while idem, page 976.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN