ἤπειρος

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See also: ήπειρος, Ήπειρος, and Ἤπειρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ā́peřřos, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₂per- (Beekes) or *h₂eh₁/h₂per-io- (Kroonen). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *ōferaz and possibly Old Armenian ափն (apʻn); see those for more. If the appurtenance of Armenian is accepted, we may be dealing with a heteroclitic r/n-stem.

According to Specht apud Olsen, this Indo-European root is a vrddhi derivative from the etymon of Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “posterior, later, latter”).

In relation with al. Ufer, asaj. ōfer 'firm land'

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἤπειρος • (ḗpeiros) f (genitive ἠπείρου); second declension

  1. mainland, land
  2. The mainland of Greece
  3. continent
  4. inland areas (as opposed to coastal areas)

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ ἤπειρος; τῆς ἠπείρου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ἤπειρος
hē ḗpeiros 		τὼ ἠπείρω
tṑ ēpeírō 		αἱ ἤπειροι
hai ḗpeiroi
Genitive τῆς ἠπείρου
tês ēpeírou 		τοῖν ἠπείροιν
toîn ēpeíroin 		τῶν ἠπείρων
tôn ēpeírōn
Dative τῇ ἠπείρῳ
têi ēpeírōi 		τοῖν ἠπείροιν
toîn ēpeíroin 		ταῖς ἠπείροις
taîs ēpeírois
Accusative τὴν ἤπειρον
tḕn ḗpeiron 		τὼ ἠπείρω
tṑ ēpeírō 		τᾱ̀ς ἠπείρους
tā̀s ēpeírous
Vocative ἤπειρε
ḗpeire 		ἠπείρω
ēpeírō 		ἤπειροι
ḗpeiroi
Notes:
Second declension of ἤπειρος; ἠπείρου (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἤπειρος
ḗpeiros 		ἠπείρω
ēpeírō 		ἤπειροι
ḗpeiroi
Genitive ἠπείρου / ἠπειροῖο / ἠπείροιο / ἠπειρόο / ἠπείροο
ēpeírou / ēpeiroîo / ēpeíroio / ēpeiróo / ēpeíroo 		ἠπείροιῐν
ēpeíroiin 		ἠπείρων
ēpeírōn
Dative ἠπείρῳ
ēpeírōi 		ἠπείροιῐν
ēpeíroiin 		ἠπείροισῐ / ἠπείροισῐν / ἠπείροις
ēpeíroisi(n) / ēpeírois
Accusative ἤπειρον
ḗpeiron 		ἠπείρω
ēpeírō 		ἠπείρους
ēpeírous
Vocative ἤπειρε
ḗpeire 		ἠπείρω
ēpeírō 		ἤπειροι
ḗpeiroi
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: ήπειρος (ípeiros)
  • → English: eperopolis

Further reading

  • “ἤπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἤπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἤπειρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἤπειρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἤπειρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ōf(e)ra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἤπειρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 136
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) “āpero-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 53
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