ὀτρύνω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to stir, move, hasten, hurry”) with irregular metathesis, related to Sanskrit तुर (tura, “strong, powerful”), Sanskrit त्वरते (tvárate, “hasten, hurry, urge”), Albanian turrem (“I rush”), the Celtic tribe Turones, and Latin Tyras. However, the initial ὀ- prefix is not expected.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ὀτρῡ́νω • (otrū́nō)

  1. to stir up, rouse, encourage
  2. (in middle) to hasten

Conjugation

   Present: ὀτρῡ́νω, ὀτρῡ́νομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὀτρῡ́νω ὀτρῡ́νεις ὀτρῡ́νει ὀτρῡ́νετον ὀτρῡ́νετον ὀτρῡ́νομεν ὀτρῡ́νετε ὀτρῡ́νουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ὀτρῡ́νω ὀτρῡ́νῃς ὀτρῡ́νῃ ὀτρῡ́νητον ὀτρῡ́νητον ὀτρῡ́νωμεν ὀτρῡ́νητε ὀτρῡ́νωσῐ(ν)
optative ὀτρῡ́νοιμῐ ὀτρῡ́νοις ὀτρῡ́νοι ὀτρῡ́νοιτον ὀτρῡνοίτην ὀτρῡ́νοιμεν ὀτρῡ́νοιτε ὀτρῡ́νοιεν
imperative   ὄτρῡνε ὀτρῡνέτω ὀτρῡ́νετον ὀτρῡνέτων   ὀτρῡ́νετε ὀτρῡνόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ὀτρῡ́νομαι ὀτρῡ́νῃ,
ὀτρῡ́νει 		ὀτρῡ́νεται ὀτρῡ́νεσθον ὀτρῡ́νεσθον ὀτρῡνόμεθᾰ ὀτρῡ́νεσθε ὀτρῡ́νονται
subjunctive ὀτρῡ́νωμαι ὀτρῡ́νῃ ὀτρῡ́νηται ὀτρῡ́νησθον ὀτρῡ́νησθον ὀτρῡνώμεθᾰ ὀτρῡ́νησθε ὀτρῡ́νωνται
optative ὀτρῡνοίμην ὀτρῡ́νοιο ὀτρῡ́νοιτο ὀτρῡ́νοισθον ὀτρῡνοίσθην ὀτρῡνοίμεθᾰ ὀτρῡ́νοισθε ὀτρῡ́νοιντο
imperative   ὀτρῡ́νου ὀτρῡνέσθω ὀτρῡ́νεσθον ὀτρῡνέσθων   ὀτρῡ́νεσθε ὀτρῡνέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ὀτρῡ́νειν ὀτρῡ́νεσθαι
participle m ὀτρῡ́νων ὀτρῡνόμενος
f ὀτρῡ́νουσᾰ ὀτρῡνομένη
n ὀτρῦνον ὀτρῡνόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ὤτρῡνον, ὠτρῡνόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὤτρῡνον ὤτρῡνες ὤτρῡνε(ν) ὠτρῡ́νετον ὠτρῡνέτην ὠτρῡ́νομεν ὠτρῡ́νετε ὤτρῡνον
middle/
passive 		indicative ὠτρῡνόμην ὠτρῡ́νου ὠτρῡ́νετο ὠτρῡ́νεσθον ὠτρῡνέσθην ὠτρῡνόμεθᾰ ὠτρῡ́νεσθε ὠτρῡ́νοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ὀτρῡ́νεσκον, ὀτρῡνεσκόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὀτρῡ́νεσκον ὀτρῡ́νεσκες ὀτρῡ́νεσκε(ν) ὀτρῡνέσκετον ὀτρῡνεσκέτην ὀτρῡνέσκομεν ὀτρῡνέσκετε ὀτρῡ́νεσκον
middle/
passive 		indicative ὀτρῡνεσκόμην ὀτρῡνέσκου ὀτρῡνέσκετο ὀτρῡνέσκεσθον ὀτρῡνεσκέσθην ὀτρῡνεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῡνέσκεσθε ὀτρῡνέσκοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ὀτρῠνέω, ὀτρῠνέομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὀτρῠνέω ὀτρῠνέεις ὀτρῠνέει ὀτρῠνέετον ὀτρῠνέετον ὀτρῠνέομεν ὀτρῠνέετε ὀτρῠνέουσῐ(ν)
optative ὀτρῠνέοιμῐ ὀτρῠνέοισ(θᾰ) ὀτρῠνέοι ὀτρῠνέοιτον ὀτρῠνεοίτην ὀτρῠνέοιμεν ὀτρῠνέοιτε ὀτρῠνέοιεν
middle indicative ὀτρῠνέομαι ὀτρῠνέεαι ὀτρῠνέεται ὀτρῠνέεσθον ὀτρῠνέεσθον ὀτρῠνεόμε(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῠνέεσθε ὀτρῠνέονται
optative ὀτρῠνεοίμην ὀτρῠνέοιο ὀτρῠνέοιτο ὀτρῠνέοισθον ὀτρῠνεοίσθην ὀτρῠνεοίμε(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῠνέοισθε ὀτρῠνεοίᾰτο
active middle
infinitive ὀτρῠνέειν/ὀτρῠνεέμεν(αι)/ὀτρῠνέμεν(αι) ὀτρῠνέεσθαι
participle m ὀτρῠνέων ὀτρῠνεόμενος
f ὀτρῠνέουσᾰ ὀτρῠνεομένη
n ὀτρῠνέον ὀτρῠνεόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ὄτρῡνᾰ, ὀτρῡνᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὄτρῡνᾰ ὄτρῡνᾰς ὄτρῡνε(ν) ὀτρῡ́νᾰτον ὀτρῡνᾰ́την ὀτρῡ́νᾰμεν ὀτρῡ́νᾰτε ὄτρῡνᾰν
subjunctive ὀτρῡ́νω,
ὀτρῡ́νωμῐ 		ὀτρῡ́νῃς,
ὀτρῡ́νῃσθᾰ 		ὀτρῡ́νῃ,
ὀτρῡ́νῃσῐ 		ὀτρῡ́νητον ὀτρῡ́νητον ὀτρῡ́νωμεν ὀτρῡ́νητε ὀτρῡ́νωσῐ(ν)
optative ὀτρῡ́ναιμῐ ὀτρῡ́ναις,
ὀτρῡ́ναισθᾰ,
ὀτρῡ́νειᾰς 		ὀτρῡ́νειε(ν),
ὀτρῡ́ναι 		ὀτρῡνεῖτον ὀτρῡνείτην ὀτρῡνεῖμεν ὀτρῡνεῖτε ὀτρῡνεῖεν
imperative   ὄτρῡνον ὀτρῡνᾰ́τω ὀτρῡ́νᾰτον ὀτρῡνᾰ́των   ὀτρῡ́νᾰτε ὀτρῡνᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ὀτρῡνᾰ́μην ὀτρῡ́νᾰο ὀτρῡ́νᾰτο ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθον ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθην ὀτρῡνᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθε ὀτρῡ́νᾰντο
subjunctive ὀτρῡ́νωμαι ὀτρῡ́νηαι ὀτρῡ́νηται ὀτρῡ́νησθον ὀτρῡ́νησθον ὀτρῡνώμε(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῡ́νησθε ὀτρῡ́νωνται
optative ὀτρῡναίμην ὀτρῡ́ναιο ὀτρῡ́ναιτο ὀτρῡ́ναισθον ὀτρῡναίσθην ὀτρῡναίμε(σ)θᾰ ὀτρῡ́ναισθε ὀτρῡναίᾰτο
imperative   ὄτρῡναι ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθω ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθον ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθων   ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθε ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ὀτρῦναι/ὀτρῡνᾰ́μεν/ὀτρῡνᾰμέναι ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθαι
participle m ὀτρῡ́νᾱς ὀτρῡνᾰ́μενος
f ὀτρῡ́νᾱσᾰ ὀτρῡνᾰμένη
n ὀτρῦνᾰν ὀτρῡνᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

References

  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1123

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia