ὁράω

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (to watch, guard). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, watcher, guardian), ὤρᾱ (ṓrā, care, concern), Latin vereor (fear), English aware (vigilant, conscious) and wary (cautious of danger).

Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (to see) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)).

Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (to see) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ὁράω (horáō)

  1. (intransitive) to look with the eyes
  2. (intransitive) to be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
  3. (copulative) to look a certain way
    1. Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
      δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
      deinòs ideîn
      horrible to look at
  4. (transitive) to see, perceive, observe
  5. (transitive) to find out
    ὅρᾱ εἰ ...
    hórā ei ...
    see if/whether ...
  6. (transitive) to make sure
  7. (intransitive and transitive, figurative) to see with the mind, understand
    ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
    horâis? horâte?
    Do you see?
  8. (transitive) to provide

Usage notes

Along with a few others (λαβέ (labé), ἐλθέ (elthé), εὑρέ (heuré), εἰπέ (eipé)), the aorist imperative has an irregular accent: ἰδέ (idé) alongside ἴδε (íde). This is not the case in compounds, however.

Inflection

Derived terms

References