ὄνυξ

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”).[1] Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish inga, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).

The "onyx (gem)" sense is probably from the same source as the "nail" sense, perhaps due to the gem's nail-like white glaze, though a foreign borrowing reshaped by folk etymology is not out of the question.[2]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ὄνῠξ • (ónux) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

  1. claw, nail, hoof, talon
  2. anything which resembles a claw or nail
    1. scraping tool
    2. onyx (gem)
    3. a kind of aromatic substance

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ὄνῠξ; τοῦ ὄνῠχος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ὄνῠξ
ho ónux 		τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónukhe 		οἱ ὄνῠχες
hoi ónukhes
Genitive τοῦ ὄνῠχος
toû ónukhos 		τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onúkhoin 		τῶν ὀνῠ́χων
tôn onúkhōn
Dative τῷ ὄνῠχῐ
tôi ónukhi 		τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onúkhoin 		τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν
toîs ónuxi(n)
Accusative τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ
tòn ónukha 		τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónukhe 		τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς
toùs ónukhas
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónux 		ὄνῠχε
ónukhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Notes:
Third declension of ὄνῠξ; ὄνῠχος (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὄνῠξ
ónux 		ὄνῠχε
ónukhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Genitive ὄνῠχος
ónukhos 		ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onúkhoiin 		ὀνῠ́χων
onúkhōn
Dative ὄνῠχῐ
ónukhi 		ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onúkhoiin 		ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσῐν
ónuxi(n) / onúkhessi(n) / onúkhesi(n)
Accusative ὄνῠχᾰ
ónukha 		ὄνῠχε
ónukhe 		ὄνῠχᾰς
ónukhas
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónux 		ὄνῠχε
ónukhe 		ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄνυξ 1, -υχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1086-7
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄνυξ 2, -υχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1087

Further reading

  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ὄνυξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ὄνυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • “ὄνυξ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
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