ὕδωρ

See also: ύδωρ

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Hellenic *údōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), with ω (ō) from the plural), from the root *wed- (whence also ὕω (húō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)). Cognates include Latin unda, Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar /⁠wātar⁠/), Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Old English wæter (English water), and Albanian ujë.

ῠ̔́δωρ • (hŭ́dōr) n (genitive ῠ̔́δᾰτος); third declension

The first upsilon is sometimes lengthened in poetry for the sake of meter:

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.110:
οἱ μὲν ἄρ’ οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ῡ̔́δωρ,
hoi mèn ár’ oînon émisgon enì krētêrsi kaì hū́dōr,
some were mixing wine and water in mixing bowls,
800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.216:
ὣς ἔφατ’, Ἀσφαλίων δ’ ἄρ ῠ̔́δωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευεν,
hṑs éphat’, Asphalíōn d’ ár hŭ́dōr epì kheîras ékheuen,
So said, and Asphalion poured water on their hands,

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ tò hŭ́dōr	τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε tṑ hŭ́dăte	τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ tằ hŭ́dătă
Genitive	τοῦ ῠ̔́δᾰτος toû hŭ́dătos	τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν toîn hŭdắtoin	τῶν ῠ̔δᾰ́των tôn hŭdắtōn
Dative	τῷ ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ tôi hŭ́dătĭ	τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν toîn hŭdắtoin	τοῖς ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ / ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν toîs hŭ́dăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ tò hŭ́dōr	τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε tṑ hŭ́dăte	τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ tằ hŭ́dătă
Vocative	ῠ̔́δωρ hŭ́dōr	ῠ̔́δᾰτε hŭ́dăte	ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ hŭ́dătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ῠ̔́δωρ hŭ́dōr	ῠ̔́δᾰτε hŭ́dăte	ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ hŭ́dătă
Genitive	ῠ̔́δᾰτος hŭ́dătos	ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν hŭdắtoiĭn	ῠ̔δᾰ́των hŭdắtōn
Dative	ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ hŭ́dătĭ	ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιῐν hŭdắtoiĭn	ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ / ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν / ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐ / ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσσῐν / ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐ / ῠ̔δᾰ́τεσῐν hŭ́dăsĭ(n) / hŭdắtessĭ(n) / hŭdắtesĭ(n)
Accusative	ῠ̔́δωρ hŭ́dōr	ῠ̔́δᾰτε hŭ́dăte	ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ hŭ́dătă
Vocative	ῠ̔́δωρ hŭ́dōr	ῠ̔́δᾰτε hŭ́dăte	ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ hŭ́dătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

“ὕδωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὕδωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὕδωρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ὕδωρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὕδωρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5204 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- fall idem, page 303.
- rain idem, page 669.
- shower idem, page 770.
- slosh idem, page 785.
- water idem, page 967.
“ὕδωρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011