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U+204A, ⁊
TIRONIAN SIGN ET

General Punctuation

Translingual

Tironian-note abbreviations for et (and)
Contemporary usage in Ireland
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Etymology

A stylized form of Latin et (and); part of the system of Tironian notes, shorthand popularly credited to Cicero’s scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro from first century BC. Compare to &, of same meaning and similar derivation. Despite the similar origin and same meaning the two symbols evolved separately from each other.

Symbol

(upper case )

  1. Tironian sign representing et (and)

Usage notes

Found in Old English and Old Irish manuscripts, among many other languages. Still used in Ireland, as of 2024; was used in other languages in blackletter text as late as 1821. Still used rarely by certain non-Irish educated writers (though perhaps seen as slightly eccentric and/or pedantic).

In Old English manuscripts, it stood not only for the conjunction and, ond (and), but also for the prefix and-, ond-; thus andswaru (answer) could be written ⁊swaru.

Synonyms

Descendants

  • German: ⁊c., ꝛc.

See also

Irish

Conjunction

  1. Abbreviation of agus (and)

Derived terms

Old Irish

Conjunction

  1. Scribal abbreviation of ocus (and)

Scottish Gaelic

Conjunction

  1. Abbreviation of agus (and)

Derived terms