◌̀

◌̀ U+0300, ̀ COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT ← ˿ Combining Diacritical Marks ◌́ →

Translingual

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (IPA) a low tone.
2. (IPA, obsolete) a falling tone, or, in contrast to low ⟨◌̖⟩, a high falling tone.
3. (Lithuanian dialectology) Marks a stressed short syllable.

Usage notes

The Unicode code point U+0340 (COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK) is canonically equivalent to U+0300 (COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT). It was intended for Vietnamese and later deprecated.

Compare acute accent: ◌́.

Synonyms

: ˩

Further reading

• Grave accent on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (poetic) Used to indicate that the suffix -ed is pronounced with a schwa: lookèd (IPA /ˈlʊkəd/); past-tense learned vs adjective learnèd. Often used for metrical reasons.
2. (lexicography) Sometimes used for secondary stress in glossaries that use ◌́ for primary stress when full pronunciations are not given.
3. Retained in foreign (mostly French) loan words, particularly when unassimilated: à la carte, crème brûlée, pièce de résistance, pied-à-terre, tête-à-tête, vis-à-vis.
4. (rare) An affectation in some proper names: e.g. Ketèlbey.

Ancient Greek

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Greek script, called βαρεῖα (bareîa, “sharp”) in Ancient Greek, and found on Ὰ (À)/ὰ (à), Ὲ (È)/ὲ (è), Ὴ (Ḕ)/ὴ (ḕ), Ὶ (Ì)/ὶ (ì), Ὸ (Ò)/ὸ (ò), Ὺ (Ù)/ὺ (ù) and Ὼ (Ṑ)/ὼ (ṑ). It is also known by its Latin name accentus gravis or the English name grave accent. It was used to indicate the presence of the accent on the last syllable of a word when immediately followed by another stressed word.

See also

• (Greek-script letters) Α α, Β β, Γ γ, Δ δ, Ε ε, Ζ ζ, Η η, Θ θ, Ι ι, Κ κ, Λ λ, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ξ ξ, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Σ σ ς, Τ τ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Ψ ψ, Ω ω
• (non-Classical letters) Ϝ ϝ, Ͷ ͷ, Ͱ ͱ, Ϻ ϻ, Ϙ ϙ, Ͳ ͳ
• (punctuation) · ;
• (diacritics) ᾿ ῾ ◌́ ◌̀ ῀ ¨

Bulgarian

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (lexicography) Used to indicate a stressed syllable, placed over a vowel letter.
2. Used to disambiguate the pronoun ѝ (ì) from the conjunction и (i, “and”).

Usage notes

The grave accent sees significant preference over the ´ for indicating stress in Bulgarian sources.

Catalan

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called accent greu (“grave accent”) in Catalan, and found on À/à, È/è and Ò/ò.

Usage notes

• The grave accent indicates that an open-mid or open vowel is pronounced stressed. Stressed close-mid or close vowels are indicated with an acute accent ´.

Dutch

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called accent grave (“grave accent”) in Dutch, and found on À/à and È/è.

Usage notes

The grave accent is used mostly in French loanwords, and serves primarily to distinguish the rare vowel /ɛː/ from the more usual /eː/.

French

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called accent grave (“grave accent”) in French, and found on À/à, È/è and Ù/ù.

Hokkien

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. Represents the third tone of Taiwanese Hokkien in Pe̍h-ōe-jī.
2. Represents the second tone of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols.

Italian

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. marks unpredictable stress assignment. Outside lexicography, it may be limited to final syllables.
2. distinguishes stressed /ɛ ɔ/ from /e o/.

See also

• accento grave

Latin

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (now uncommon) A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called accentus gravis (“grave accent”) in Latin, and found on à, è, ò.

See also

• ´, ^

Further reading

• Institutiones linguae latinae et graecae pro infima grammatices ad normam Emmanuelis Alvari et Jacobi Gretseri Societatis Jesu, in usum scholarum Provinciae S. J. ad Rhenum superiorem nova methodo adornatae. Editio quarta, Augusta Vindelicorum, 1779, p. 212 in Erster Anhang. De orthographia.:

  (`) (´) Accentus gravis & acútus. Gravis (`) wird zum Besten der Lernenden nicht unrecht gebraucht bey den Adverbiis, um sie von anderen Partibus Orationis zu unterscheiden, als: Eò, quò, tantò, doctè, &c. ( Nota. Wie die Interpunctiones recht zu gebrauchen seyen, wird in der Lehr de Periŏdis erörtert.

• Thomae Ruddimanni institutiones grammaticae latinae. Curante Godofredo Stallbaum. Pars secunda syntaxin continens, Lipsia, 1823, p. 39 of the Appendix. Grammaticae latinae institutionum pars tertia ex compendio Ruddimanni repetita:

  Toni sive Accentus sunt tres, Acutus, Gravis, et Circumflexus. Gravis est qui syllabam gravat, seu deprimit; ac signatur lineola obliqua a sinistra in dextram ascendente, hoc modo : ut, doctè.

• Allen Fisk, Adam's Latin Grammar; simplified, by Means of an Introduction: Designed to facilitate the Study of Latin Grammar, . Fifth Edition, from the second Edition, revised and corrected, New-York, 1830, p. 182:

  "There are three accents 2. The grave or base accent depresses the voice, or keeps it in its natural tone; and is thus marked ; as, doctè. This accent properly belongs to all syllables which have no other accent. The accents are seldom marked in Latin books, unless for the sake of distinction, as in these adverbs, aliquò, continuò, doctè, unà, &c. to distinguish them from certain cases of adjectives, which are spelt in the same way.

Ligurian

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acénto grâve (“grave accent”) in Ligurian, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò and Ù/ù.
   1. Used to denote stressed /a/, /ɛ/, /i/, /y/
   2. Used to denote stressed or unstressed /ɔ/

See also

• ´
• ^

Macedonian

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (linguistics) A diacritical mark, called надреден знак (nadreden znak), found on Ѐ/ѐ and Ѝ/ѝ, and used to disambiguate the не (ne) from нѐ (nè), се (se) from сѐ (sè), and и (i) from ѝ (ì).

See also

• ◌́
• ’

References

• “Надреден знак”, in Правопис на македонскиот јазик (Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik) [Orthography of the Macedonian language]‎ (in Macedonian), 2nd edition, Skopje: Institute of Macedonian language "Krste Misirkov" – Skopje, 2017, page 141

Mandarin

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called 重音符 (zhòngyīnfú, “grave tone mark”) in Mandarin, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ù/ù and Ǜ/ǜ, representing the 去聲／去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”), also known as the 第四聲／第四声 (“fourth tone”), in Pinyin.

Usage notes

Not to be confused with ◌ˋ, which represents the fourth tone in the Mandarin Zhuyin script.

See also

• ◌̄ (first tone)
• ◌́ (second tone)
• ◌̌ (third tone)
• ꞏ◌ (fifth tone)

Portuguese

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acento grave (“grave accent”) in Portuguese, and found on À/à.

Usage notes

• Used in a number of contractions: a + a = à; a + aquele = àquele (variations include: àquela, àqueles, àquelas, àquilo).
• Additionally, the same diacritical mark has had other uses in the past:
• Replaces the acute accent in derivatives where the primary stress becomes the secondary stress: café → cafèzinho (now cafezinho).
• Replaces the acute accent in certain other words: serà (now será).

Romani

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (International Standard) A diacritical mark of the Latin script in Romani, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò and Ù/ù.

Usage notes

The grave accent indicates stress that does not fall on the last syllable. It does not appear on the syllable before the letters q, ç, and θ.

References

• Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎, 2021 September 27 (last accessed)
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 17,

Serbo-Croatian

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. (lexicography) A diacritical mark, both in the Cyrillic and Latin script, used to denote a short-rising accent. Not used in everyday writing. Can be used on vowels and the syllabic R:
   • Cyrillic: А̀а̀ Ѐѐ Ѝѝ О̀о̀ У̀у̀ Р̀р̀
   • Latin: Àà Èè Ìì Òò Ùù R̀r̀

Vietnamese

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called dấu huyền (“hanging mark”) in Vietnamese, and found on À/à, Ằ/ằ, Ầ/ầ, È/è, Ề/ề, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ồ/ồ, Ờ/ờ, Ù/ù, Ừ/ừ and Ỳ/ỳ. Used to indicate low-falling, possibly breathy tone.

Usage notes

In Vietnamese handwriting and signmaking, this tone mark may be written as a horizontal line, like a macron (which does not exist in Vietnamese), and the letter I/i retains its tittle.

In earlier versions of Unicode, ̀ was used to represent this tone mark.

Welsh

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acen ddisgynedig (“descended accent”) in Welsh, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ù/ù, Ẁ/ẁ and Ỳ/ỳ.

Yoruba

Diacritical mark

◌̀

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called àmì ohùn ìsàlẹ̀ (“low-tone mark”) in Yoruba, and found on À/à, È/è, Ẹ̀/ẹ̀, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ọ̀/ọ̀, Ù/ù, Ǹ/ǹ and M̀/m̀. Used to indicate low-tone, or falling-tone when after ◌́

See also

• dò (“syllable used to represent the low tone”)
• ìró ohùn ìsàlẹ̀ (“low tone”)