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(historically; i.e., in Old Czech) marking palatalisation when written atop a consonant; marking palatalisation of the preceding consonant when written atop ě
(currently; i.e., in Modern Czech) marking partial palatalisation in the case of the postalveolar consonants, full palatalisation in the case of the palatal consonants, and — when written atop ě (arising from the historical confusion of the now-obsolete yat: Ѣ, which Ě transcribes, with the iotated A: Ꙗ) — variously, palatalisation of the preceding consonant, iotation, or idiosyncratically mě = /mɲɛ/
Letters with háček are considered as separate letters with different names, and listed in the alphabet after the same letters without macron (i.e., č after c, š after s, and ž after z), and also in alphabetized lists (e.g., in dictionaries), like letters with cedilla (ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ), and unlike letters with macrons (ā, ē, ī, ū), which are treated, for alphabetizing purposes, as the same as letters without macrons.
Mandarin
Diacritical mark
◌̌
(Hanyu Pinyin)Indicates the low or dipping third tone
(Pan-Vlax)marking palatalization of the consonant below.
References
“Phonemic Values”, in ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000, archived from the original on February 26, 2005
Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499