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Translingual
A character of the braille script, originally used to transcribe the French letter â. Some alphabets approximate its English use as ch, or use it for a variant of e because it is a stretched version of the braille letter ⠑ e.
Etymology
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.
Letter
⠡
- (Vietnamese Braille) â
- (German Braille) A letter rendering the print digraph au
- (Danish Braille) å
- (Hungarian Braille) é
- (Czech Braille, Icelandic Braille) á
- (Lithuanian Braille, Polish Braille) ą
- (Romanian Braille) ă
- (Albanian Braille) ë
- (Turkish Braille) ç
- (IPA Braille) ɑ
- Non-Latin transliteration
- (International Greek Braille) ᾶ (ã)
- (Greek Braille) αυ (au)
- (Yugoslav Braille) č ~ ч
- (Russian Braille) ё (ë)
- (Hebrew Braille) כ ך (ch)
- (Arabic Braille) ة (aẗ)
- (Ethiopic Braille) ች (čᵊ)
- (Bharati Braille) छ (cha)
- (Thai Braille) The vowel ◌า (long a)
- (Cantonese Braille) The rime au
Symbol
⠡ (♮)
See also
English
Letter
⠡ (c͟h)
Usage notes
- This is used for the digraph ch, not just any sequence of c + h. For example, McHenry needs to be spelled out.
Contraction
⠡
Usage notes
- This is used for the independent word child and where the word child is set off with an apostrophe or hyphen, for example can't. It is not used for the simple letter sequence c-h-i-l-d, not even in inflections or non-hyphenated derivations such as grandchild, though children has the contraction shown above.
Derived terms
French
Letter
⠡ (â)
- The letter â
Contraction
⠡
- The independent word tout.
- The letter sequence fr .
- The letter sequence -ation.
Usage notes
- The sequence fr may appear anywhere in its word, as long as it is followed by a vowel.
- The sequence -ation must appear at the end of its word.
Numeral
⠡ (1)
- (in the context of the Antoine number sign ⠠) 1
Japanese
Syllable
⠡ (romaji ka)
Korean
Contraction
⠡ • (yeon)
- The rime or syllable 연 (yeon).
Symbol
⠡ • (×)
- The multiplication sign ×.
Luxembourgish
Numeral
⠡ (1)
- The digit 1.
See also
Mandarin
Letter
⠡
- (Mainland Braille) The rime ying/-ing
- (Taiwan Braille) The rime yi/-i
- (Two-Cell Braille) The onset gu- or the rime -én (-ín, -ún, -ǘn)