ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ

Coptic

Alternative forms

ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb) — Fayyumic
ϩⲟⲧⲉⲃ (hoteb) — Fayyumic
ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb) — Sahidic
ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb) — Bohairic

Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ẖtb (“to kill”), from Egyptian ẖdb (“to kill”).

Verb

ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ • (xōtbe) (nominal state ?, pronominal state ⳉⲁⲧⲃ⸗, conjunct participle ⳉⲁⲧⲃⲉ-)

(Akhmimic, transitive, intransitive) to kill

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (Akhmimic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xōtbe	imperative	affirmative	ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xōtbe
infinitive	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tm̄xōtbe, tm̄n̄xōtbe	imperative	negative	ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄n̄xōtbe

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tixōtbe	ⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ kxōtbe	ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ texōtbe	ϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ fxōtbe	ⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ sxōtbe	ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tn̄xōtbe	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tetn̄xōtbe	ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ sexōtbe	ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xōtbe
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïxōtbe	ⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ekxōtbe	ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ erexōtbe	ⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ efxōtbe	ⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ esxōtbe	ⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ enxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ euxōtbe	ⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ e- xōtbe, ere- xōtbe
	relative		ⲉϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etixōtbe	ⲉⲧⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etkxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexōtbe, eterexōtbe	ⲉⲧϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etfxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etsxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etnxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etouxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ete- xōtbe, etere- xōtbe
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naïxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nakxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ narexōtbe	ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nafxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nasxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nanxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ natetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nauxōtbe	ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ na- xōtbe, nare- xōtbe
	focalising		ⲁⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aixōtbe	ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ akxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ arexōtbe	ⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afxōtbe	ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asxōtbe	ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ anxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aretenxōtbe	ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ auxōtbe	ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲁⲣ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ a- xōtbe, ar- xōtbe, are- xōtbe
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tinaxōtbe	ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ knaxōtbe	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tenaxōtbe	ϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ fnaxōtbe	ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ snaxōtbe	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tn̄naxōtbe	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tetnaxōtbe	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ senaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naxōtbe
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïnaxōtbe	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eknaxōtbe	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ erenaxōtbe	ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ efnaxōtbe	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ esnaxōtbe	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ennaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetnaxōtbe	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eunaxōtbe	ⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ e- naxōtbe
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etinaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etknaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etenaxōtbe, eterenaxōtbe	ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etfnaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etsnaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etnnaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetnaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etounaxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ete- naxōtbe
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naïnaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naknaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ narenaxōtbe	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nafnaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nasnaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nannaxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ netetnaxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naunaxōtbe	ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ na- naxōtbe
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ainaxōtbe	ⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aknaxōtbe, eknaxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ araxōtbe	ⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afnaxōtbe	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asnaxōtbe	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ annaxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aretennaxōtbe	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aunaxōtbe	ⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ a- naxōtbe, are- naxōtbe
negated with			… ⲉⲛ … en
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aïxōtbe	ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ akxōtbe	ⲁⲣⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ arxōtbe	ⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afxōtbe	ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asxōtbe	ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ anxōtbe	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ atetn̄xōtbe	ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ auxōtbe	ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ a- xōtbe
	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pixōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pk̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pexōtbe, m̄pr̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pf̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄ps̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pn̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄petn̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pouxōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pe- xōtbe
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eaïxōtbe	ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eakxōtbe	ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ earxōtbe	ⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eafxōtbe	ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ easxōtbe	ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eanxōtbe	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eatetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eauxōtbe	ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ea- xōtbe
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pixōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pk̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pexōtbe, em̄pr̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pf̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄ps̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄petn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pouxōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pe- xōtbe
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etaïxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etakxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etarxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etafxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etasxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etanxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etatetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etauxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ eta- xōtbe
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pixōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pk̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pexōtbe, etem̄pr̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pf̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄ps̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄petn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pouxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pe- xōtbe
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neaïxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neakxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nearxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neafxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neasxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neanxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neatetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neauxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nea- xōtbe
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pixōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pk̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pexōtbe, nem̄pr̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pf̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄ps̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄petn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pouxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pe- xōtbe
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naïxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nakxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲣⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ narxōtbe	ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nafxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nasxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nanxōtbe	ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ natetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nauxōtbe	ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ na- xōtbe
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patixōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patk̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patexōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patf̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pats̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patn̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patetn̄xōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patouxōtbe	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pate- xōtbe
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patixōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patk̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patexōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patf̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pats̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patouxōtbe	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pate- xōtbe
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patixōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patk̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patexōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patf̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pats̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patouxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pate- xōtbe
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patixōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patk̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patexōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patf̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pats̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patouxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pate- xōtbe
aorist	basic	affirmative	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xareïxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xarekxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xarexōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xarefxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xaresxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xarenxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xaretetn̄xōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xarouxōtbe	ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ xare- xōtbe
	basic	negative	ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ maïxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ makxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ marexōtbe	ⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mafxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ masxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ manxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ matetn̄xōtbe	ⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mauxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mare- xōtbe, ma- xōtbe
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exareïxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exarekxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exarexōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exarefxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exaresxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exarenxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exaretetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exarouxōtbe	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ exare- xōtbe
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emaïxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emakxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emarexōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emafxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emasxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emanxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ematetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emauxōtbe	ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ emare- xōtbe, ema- xōtbe
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexareïxōtbe, etxareïxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexarekxōtbe, etxarekxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexarexōtbe, etxarexōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexarefxōtbe, etxarefxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexaresxōtbe, etxaresxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexarenxōtbe, etxarenxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexaretetn̄xōtbe, etxaretetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexarouxōtbe, etxarouxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etexare- xōtbe, etxare- xōtbe
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemaïxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemakxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemarexōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemafxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemasxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemanxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etematetn̄xōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemauxōtbe	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemare- xōtbe, etema- xōtbe
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexareïxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexarekxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexarexōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexarefxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexaresxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexarenxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexaretetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexarouxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexare- xōtbe
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemaïxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemakxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemarexōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemafxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemasxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemanxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nematetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemauxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemare- xōtbe, nema- xōtbe
	focalising	affirmative	ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amaïxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amakxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amarexōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amafxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amasxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amanxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amatetn̄xōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amauxōtbe	ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ amare- xōtbe, ma- xōtbe
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aïaxōtbe	ⲁⲕⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ akaxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ araxōtbe	ⲁϥⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afaxōtbe	ⲁⲥⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asaxōtbe	ⲁⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ anaxōtbe	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ atetnaxōtbe	ⲁⲩⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ auaxōtbe	ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ a- xōtbe
optative	basic	negative	ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ naxōtbe, enaxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nekxōtbe, enekxōtbe	ⲛⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nexōtbe, enexōtbe	ⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nefxōtbe, enefxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nesxōtbe, enesxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ nenxōtbe, enenxōtbe	ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ netn̄xōtbe, enetn̄xōtbe	ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ neuxōtbe, eneuxōtbe	ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ne- xōtbe
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ marixōtbe	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ marefxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ maresxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ marn̄xōtbe	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ marouxōtbe	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mare- xōtbe
jussive	basic	negative	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄taxōtbe	(use imperative)		ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄tf̄xōtbe	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄ts̄xōtbe	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄tn̄xōtbe	(use imperative)	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄touxōtbe	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ mn̄te- xōtbe
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ taxōtbe	ⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ kxōtbe	ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ texōtbe	ϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ fxōtbe, n̄tfxōtbe	ⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ sxōtbe	ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tn̄xōtbe	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tetn̄xōtbe	ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲥⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ sexōtbe, souxōtbe	ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ te- xōtbe
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarixōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarekxōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarexōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarefxōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ taresxōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarn̄xōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ taretetn̄xōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarouxōtbe	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ tare- xōtbe
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarixōtbe, tarixōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarekxōtbe, tarekxōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarexōtbe, tarexōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarefxōtbe, tarefxōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄taresxōtbe, taresxōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarn̄xōtbe, tarn̄xōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄taretn̄xōtbe, taretn̄xōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarouxōtbe, tarouxōtbe	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tare- xōtbe, tare- xōtbe
limitative			ϣⲁϯⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatixōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatk̄xōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatexōtbe	ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatf̄xōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šats̄xōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatn̄xōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatetn̄xōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatouxōtbe	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ šate- xōtbe
conditional	long		ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aïšaxōtbe, eïšaxōtbe	ⲁⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ akšaxōtbe, ekšaxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ arešaxōtbe, erešaxōtbe	ⲁϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afšaxōtbe, efšaxōtbe	ⲁⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asšaxōtbe, esšaxōtbe	ⲁⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ anšaxōtbe, enšaxōtbe	ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ ašatetn̄xōtbe, ešatetn̄xōtbe	ⲁⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aušaxōtbe, eušaxōtbe	ⲁϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aša- xōtbe, eša- xōtbe
conditional	short		ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ aïxōtbe	ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ akxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ arexōtbe	ⲁϥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ afxōtbe	ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ asxōtbe	ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ anxōtbe	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ atetn̄xōtbe	ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ auxōtbe	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ are- xōtbe
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄-

Noun

ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ • (xōtbe) m

(Akhmimic) murder

Derived terms

ⳉⲁⲧⲃⲉⲥ (xatbes, “slaughter”)

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ

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