From Proto-Berber, from Proto-Afroasiatic. By surface analysis, ⵜ- (t-, “second person prefix”) + -ⵎ (-m).
ⵜ- -ⵎ • (t- -m) m
| Central Atlas Tamazight personal pronouns | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb subject affix | Direct object pronoun | Indirect pronoun | Independent pronoun | ||||||
| After preposition | Possessive word of kinship | Indirect object | Possessive | ||||||
| Singular | 1st person | -ⵅ (-x) | ⵉ (i) | ⵉ (i) | — | ⵉ (i) | -ⵉⵏⵓ (-inu) | ⵏⴽⴽ (nkk) | |
| 2nd person | m | ⵜ- -ⴷ (t- -d) | ⵛ (c), ⵉⵛ (ic), ⴰⴽⴽ (akk) | ⵛ (c) | ⴰⵛ (ac) | -ⵏⵏⵛ (-nnc), -ⵏⵛ (-nc) | ⴽⴳⴳ (kgg), ⵛⴳⴳ (cgg) | ||
| f | ⵛⵎ (cm), ⵉⵛⵎ (icm), ⴰⴽⴽⵯⵎ (akkʷm) | ⵎ (m) | ⴰⵎ (am) | -ⵏⵏⵎ (-nnm) | ⴽⵎⵎ (kmm), ⵛⵎⵎ (cmm) | ||||
| 3rd person | m | ⵢ- (y-) | ⵜ (t), ⵉⵜ (it) | ⵙ (s) | ⴰⵙ (as) | -ⵏⵏⵙ (-nns), -ⵏⵙ (-ns) | ⵏⵜⵜⴰ (ntta) | ||
| f | ⵜ- (t-) | ⵜⵜ (tt), ⵉⵜⵜ (itt) | ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ (nttat) | ||||||
| Plural | 1st person | ⵏ- (n-) | ⴰⵅ (ax) | ⵏⵅ (nx) | ⵜⵏⵅ (tnx) | ⴰⵅ (ax) | -ⵏⵏⵅ (-nnx) | ⵏⵓⴽⴽⵏⵉ (nukkni) | |
| 2nd person | m | ⵜ- -ⵎ (t- -m) | ⴽⵯⵏ (kʷn), ⵉⴽⵯⵏ (ikʷn), ⴰⴽⴽⵯⵏ (akkʷn) | ⵡⵏ (wn), ⵓⵏ (un) | ⵜⵓⵏ (tun) | ⴰⵡⵏ (awn) | -ⵏⵏⵓⵏ (-nnun) | ⴽⵓⵏⵏⵉ (kunni), ⴽⵯⵏⵏⵉ (kʷnni) | |
| f | ⵜ- -ⵏⵜ (t- -nt) | ⴽⵯⵏⵜ (kʷnt), ⵉⴽⵯⵏⵜ (ikʷnt), ⴰⴽⴽⵯⵏⵜ (akkʷnt) | ⴽⵯⵏⵜ (kʷnt) | ⵜⴽⵯⵏⵜ (tkʷnt) | ⴰⴽⵯⵏⵜ (akʷnt) | -ⵏⴽⵯⵏⵜ (-nkʷnt) | ⴽⵏⵉⵏⵜⵉ (kninti), ⴽⵯⵏⵏⵉⵎⵜⵉ (kʷnnimti) | ||
| 3rd person | m | -ⵏ (-n) | ⵜⵏ (tn), ⵉⵜⵏ (itn) | ⵙⵏ (sn) | ⵜⵙⵏ (tsn) | ⴰⵙⵏ (asn) | -ⵏⵙⵏ (-nsn) | ⵏⵉⵀⵏⵉ (nihni) | |
| f | -ⵏⵜ (-nt) | ⵜⵏⵜ (tnt), ⵉⵜⵏⵜ (itnt) | ⵙⵏⵜ (snt) | ⵜⵙⵏⵜ (tsnt) | ⴰⵙⵏⵜ (asnt) | -ⵏⵙⵏⵜ (-nsnt) | ⵏⵉⵀⵏⵜⵉ (nihnti) | ||