かす

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See also: かず

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
粕
糟
滓
渣

Possibly from Old Japanese. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Pronunciation

Noun

かす or カス • (kasu) 

  1. 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash
    Synonyms: 酒粕 (sake kasu), 酒の粕 (sake no kasu)
  2. 滓, 渣: the sediment, impurities, dregs, or lees on the bottom of a container after a liquid has settled
    Synonyms: 滓・澱 (ori), 澱・淀 (odomi)
  3. 滓, 渣: anything left over after everything useful or good has been extracted
    Synonyms: (waste, dross) 屑 (kuzu), (leftovers, dross) 残り屑 (nokorikuzu)
  4. 滓, 渣: (derogatory) insulting reference to a person
  5. 滓, 渣: (playing cards) in 花札 (hanafuda, “traditional Japanese flower playing cards”), a one-point card, a garbage card
    Synonym: (garbage card) かすふだ (kasufuda)
  6. 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”))
Derived terms

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entry.
【貸す】
to lend; to let someone use
to lease
(American English) to rent out; (British English) to hire out
(This term, かす, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as かす, see Category:Japanese kanji read as かす.)

Etymology 3

Any of various Chinese-derived terms.

For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entries.
【化す】
change into
【科す】
to inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)​
【課す】
impose, such as a tax
(This term, かす, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as かす, see Category:Japanese kanji read as かす.)

(The following entries are uncreated: 架す, 嫁す, 痂す, 呵す.)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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