からす

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
烏
鴉
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からす (karasu): a crow, a raven.

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *karasu.

Compound of から (kara, “caw”, onomatopoeia, imitative of a crow's caw) +‎ す (su, “bird”, ancient suffix appearing in certain bird names).[1] Compare the す (su) in 鶯 (uguisu), 杜鵑 (hototogisu), モズ (mozu).

Pronunciation

Noun

からす or カラス • (karasu) 

  1. a crow or raven
    Synonym: 慈鳥 (jichō)
Usage notes

Commonly spelled 烏 in kanji. When this spelling is used on its own (as opposed to in compounds), karasu is the most common reading.

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カラス.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Alternative spellings
涸らす
枯らす
嗄らす

Verb

からす • (karasu) transitive godan (stem からし (karashi), past からした (karashita))

Japanese verb pair
active からす
mediopassive かれる
  1. 涸らす: to drain
  2. 涸らす: (figuratively) to exhaust (money etc.)
  3. 枯らす:to wither (a plant); to kill (a plant)
    丹(たん)精(せい)した植(うえ)木(き)を枯(か)らす
    tansei shita ueki o karasu
    to kill a carefully cultivated plant
  4. 枯らす: to let dry
  5. 枯らす, 嗄らす: to yell oneself hoarse
Conjugation
Conjugation of "からす" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") からさ karasa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") からし karashi
Shūshikei ("terminal") からす karasu
Rentaikei ("attributive") からす karasu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") からせ karase
Meireikei ("imperative") からせ karase
Key constructions
Passive からされる karasareru
Causative からさせる
からさす 		karasaseru
karasasu
Potential からせる karaseru
Volitional からそう karasō
Negative からさない karasanai
Negative continuative からさず karasazu
Formal からします karashimasu
Perfective からした karashita
Conjunctive からして karashite
Hypothetical conditional からせば karaseba
Classical conjugation of "からす" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) からさ karasa
Continuative (連用形) からし karasi
Terminal (終止形) からす karasu
Attributive (連体形) からす karasu
Realis (已然形) からせ karase
Imperative (命令形) からせ karase
Key constructions
Negative からさず karasazu
Contrasting conjunction からせど karasedo
Causal conjunction からせば karaseba
Conditional conjunction からさば karasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) からしき karasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) からしけり karasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) からしつ karasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) からしぬ karasinu
Perfect-continuative tense からせり
からしたり		 karaseri
karasitari
Volitional からさむ karasamu

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *karasu.

Likely of onomatopoeic origin.

Noun

からす (karasu)

  1. a crow or raven

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:からす.

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