く
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Japanese
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Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 久 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
- The hiragana syllable く (ku). Its equivalent in katakana is ク (ku). It is the eighth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is か行う段 (ka-gyō u-dan, “row ka, section u”).
Usage notes
Do not confuse it with the kana iteration mark 〱 which is sometimes used in vertical text.
Derived terms
- ぐ (gu)
See also
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of く – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term, く, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as く, see Category:Japanese kanji read as く.) |
(The following entries are uncreated: 工, 久, 供, 駆, 駒, 狗, 懼.)
Etymology 3
Some obsolete inflections.
Verb
Etymology 4
| Alternative spelling |
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| 所 (obsolete) |
/-u aku//-ru aku//-ki aku/ → /(-a)ku//-raku//-keku/
Originally a compound of the 連体形 (rentaikei) of verbs and adjectives and 所 (aku); 上代特殊仮名遣 (jōdai tokushu kanazukai) contractions of vowel clusters caused it to be reanalyzed as the suffixes:
The use of this nominalizer is called ク語法 (ku-gohō).
Alternative forms
Suffix
- (obsolete) A nominalizing suffix in Old Japanese.
Usage notes
Inflection rules for the く form
| Word | dictionary form | -ku form |
|---|---|---|
| yodan verbs | ||
| 書く | かく (kaku) | かかく (kakaku) |
| 泳ぐ | およぐ (oyogu) | およがく (oyogaku) |
| 話す | はなす (hanasu) | はなさく (hanasaku) |
| 待つ | まつ (matsu) | またく (mataku) |
| 呼ぶ | よぶ (yobu) | よばく (yobaku) |
| 読む | よむ (yomu) | よまく (yomaku) |
| 作る | つくる (tsukuru) | つくらく (tsukuraku) |
| 買ふ | かふ (kafu) | かはらく (kaharaku) |
| kami nidan verbs | ||
| 起く | おく (oku) | おくらく (okuraku) |
| 過ぐ | すぐ (sugu) | すぐらく (suguraku) |
| 落つ | おつ (otsu) | おつらく (otsuraku) |
| 恥づ | はづ (hazu) | はづらく (hazuraku) |
| 強ふ | しふ (shifu) | しふらく (shifuraku) |
| 伸ぶ | のぶ (nobu) | のぶらく (noburaku) |
| 浴む | あむ (amu) | あむらく (amuraku) |
| 老ゆ | おゆ (oyu) | おゆらく (oyuraku) |
| 懲る | こる (koru) | こるらく (koruraku) |
| shimo nidan verbs | ||
| 得 | う (u) | うらく (uraku) |
| 受く | うく (uku) | うくらく (ukuraku) |
| 上ぐ | あぐ (agu) | あぐらく (aguraku) |
| 寄す | よす (yosu) | よすらく (yosuraku) |
| 交ず | まず (mazu) | まずらく (mazuraku) |
| 捨つ | すつ (sutsu) | すつらく (sutsuraku) |
| 出づ | いづ (izu) | いづらく (izuraku) |
| 尋ぬ | たづぬ (tazunu) | たづぬらく (tazunuraku) |
| 与ふ | あたふ (atafu) | あたふらく (atafuraku) |
| 調ぶ | しらぶ (shirabu) | しらぶらく (shiraburaku) |
| 止む | とむ (tomu) | とむらく (tomuraku) |
| 越ゆ | こゆ (koyu) | こゆらく (koyuraku) |
| 晴る | はる (haru) | はるらく (haruraku) |
| 植う | うう (ū) | ううらく (ūraku) |
| kami ichidan verbs (type 2a) | ||
| 着る | きる (kiru) | きらく (kiraku) |
| 似る | にる (niru) | にらく (niraku) |
| 干る | ひる (hiru) | ひらく (hiraku) |
| 見る | みる (miru) | みらく (miraku) |
| 射る | いる (iru) | いらく (iraku) |
| 居る | ゐる (iru) | ゐらく (iraku) |
| shimo ichidan verbs (type 2b) | ||
| 蹴る | ける (keru) | けらく (keraku) |
| 蹴ゑる | くゑる (kueru) | くゑらく (kueraku) |
| irregular verbs (type 3) | ||
| 為 | す (su) | すらく (suraku) |
| 来 | く (ku) | くらく (kuraku) |
| 有り | あり (ari) | あらく (araku) |
| 死ぬ | しぬ (shinu) | しぬらく (shinuraku) |
| adjectives | ||
| 清し | きよし (kiyoshi) | きよけく (kiyokeku) |
| 悲し | かなし (kanashi) | かなしけく (kanashikeku) |
| 体たり | ていたり (teitari) | ていたらく (teitaraku) |
| 静かなり | しづかなり (shizukanari) | しづかならく (shizukanaraku) |