こう
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The kanji 此 (ko), 其 (so), 彼 (a), and 何 (do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.
See also: ごう
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 斯う |
/kaku/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
Pronunciation
Adverb
- like this, in this way, so, thus
- 私はこうだと思う。
- Watashi wa kō da to omou.
- I think it's so.
- こうやればよいのだ。
- Kō yareba yoi no da.
- It's okay to do it like this.
- 私はこうだと思う。
Usage notes
This term is often spelled in hiragana.
Derived terms
- こういう (kōiu)
- こうして (kōshite)
- こうした (kōshita)
- ああ言えばこう言う (ā ieba kō iu)
See also
Japanese demonstratives
| ko- “this” (close to speaker) |
so- “that” (close to listener) |
a- “that over there” (far from both) |
do- “which” (indeterminate, question) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — | |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — | |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) | |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) | |
| Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) | |
| Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu) | そいつ (soitsu) | あいつ (aitsu) | どいつ (doitsu) |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
| これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) | |
| これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) | |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) | ||||
| a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
| Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
| Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
| Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
| Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of こう – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term, こう, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as こう, see Category:Japanese kanji read as こう.) |
(The following entries are uncreated: 校, 工, 広, 交, 考, 向, 港, 好, 航, 康, 厚, 格, 耕, 鉱, 構, 興, 降, 鋼, 勾, 孔, 仰, 抗, 攻, 拘, 肯, 侯, 恒, 洪, 荒, 郊, 耗, 控, 梗, 慌, 硬, 絞, 酵, 衡, 購, 弘, 宏, 昂, 肴, 巷, 恰, 倖, 浩, 皓, 腔, 膏, 鴻, 亢, 叩, 肛, 肓, 咬, 哄, 垢, 恍, 狡, 哮, 逅, 寇, 淆, 皎, 閘, 睾, 膠, 薨, 曠.)
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of こう – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, こう, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as こう, see Category:Japanese kanji read as こう.) |
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of こう – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, こう, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as こう, see Category:Japanese kanji read as こう.) |