させる

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Japanese

Etymology 1

From Classical Japanese さす (sasu), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation).

Some linguists suggest that させる is a variant of せる, where a reduplicative "s" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + せる → *tabe- + *-ase- → *tabease- + *tabesase- → 食べさせる)

Suffix

させる (-saseruichidan (stem させ (-sase), past させた (-saseta))

  1. Expresses causation: to make … do …
    (せん)(せい)(がく)(せい)(もん)(だい)(こた)させた
    Sensei ga gakusei ni mondai o kotaesaseta.
    The teacher let the student answer the question.
Usage notes

Attaches only to the 未然形 (mizenkei, irrealis or incomplete form) of Group II (ichidan) verbs and the irregular verb () (kuru). The result is conjugated like a Group II (ichidan) verb.

The passive form of verbs from other conjugation classes are formed with せる (-seru) instead of させる (-saseru).

In colloquial speech, させる (-saseru) can be contracted to さす (-sasu), which follows 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, quinquigrade conjugation).

This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, auxiliary verb) in traditional Japanese grammar.

Conjugation
See also

Etymology 2

Verb

させる (saseru

  1. causative of する (suru, to do)
    この()(ごと)(かれ)させよう。
    Kono shigoto wa kare ni saseyō.
    Let him do the job.