たまう

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Japanese

Alternative spellings
給う
賜う

Etymology

From Old Japanese たまふ (tamapu).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「給う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		給う たまう
Imperative (命令形) 給え たまえ
Key constructions
Passive 給われる たまわれる
Causative 給わせる たまわせる
Potential 給える たまえる
Volitional 給おう たまおー
Negative 給わない たまわない
Negative perfective 給わなかった たまわなかった
Formal 給います たまいます
Perfective 給った たまった
Conjunctive 給って たまって
Hypothetical conditional 給えば たまえば

Verb

たまう • (tamau) ←たまふ (tamafu)?godan (stem たまい (tamai), past たまった (tamatta))

Japanese verb pair
active たまう
mediopassive 賜る
  1. (dated, honorific) to give; to grant
    Synonym: 下さる
  2. (honorific) (to do something) for me/for us

Usage notes

  • (to give):
    • Usually considered overpolite today.
  • (to do something for me):
    • Used especially in the imperative tense to form polite commands. It is attached to the continuative form of a verb and is often spelled in hiragana.
      こちらへ来(き)たまえ。
      Kochira e kitamae.
      Come here.
    • Less polite than 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru). Mostly used by superiors to subordinates.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "たまう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") たまわ tamawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") たまい tamai
Shūshikei ("terminal") たまう tamau
Rentaikei ("attributive") たまう tamau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") たまえ tamae
Meireikei ("imperative") たまえ tamae
Key constructions
Passive たまわれる tamawareru
Causative たまわせる
たまわす 		tamawaseru
tamawasu
Potential たまえる tamaeru
Volitional たまおう tamaō
Negative たまわない tamawanai
Negative continuative たまわず tamawazu
Formal たまいます tamaimasu
Perfective たまった tamatta
Conjunctive たまって tamatte
Hypothetical conditional たまえば tamaeba
Classical conjugation of "たまふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) たまは tamafa
Continuative (連用形) たまひ tamafi
Terminal (終止形) たまふ tamafu
Attributive (連体形) たまふ tamafu
Realis (已然形) たまへ tamafe
Imperative (命令形) たまへ tamafe
Key constructions
Negative たまはず tamafazu
Contrasting conjunction たまへど tamafedo
Causal conjunction たまへば tamafeba
Conditional conjunction たまはば tamafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) たまひき tamafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) たまひけり tamafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) たまひつ tamafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) たまひぬ tamafinu
Perfect-continuative tense たまへり
たまひたり		 tamaferi
tamafitari
Volitional たまはむ tamafamu

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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