つもり

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
積もり (rare)
積り (rare)
心算 (rare)

The continuative form of 積(つ)もる (tsumoru, “to intend”).

Pronunciation

Suffix

つもり • (-tsumori) 

  1. intend to, purpose of, plan to
    行(い)く積(つ)もりだ。
    Iku tsumori da.
    I intend to go.
    私(わたし)は彼(かれ)に電(でん)話(わ)するつもりだ。
    Watashi wa kare ni denwa suru tsumori da.
    I'm going to call him.
  2. (After the past form of a verb) convicted to, believe to
Usage notes
  • This word is usually written using hiragana alone (つもり) instead of kanji (積もり), as it is grammaticalized – compare みる (miru) (from 見る) and others.
  • つもり cannot be used as a nominal – 「つもりは…」 (“The plan is…”) is incorrect. It is rather a suffix, 〜つもり.
    • For a nominal meaning “plan”, 企画 (kikaku) or other such words are used instead.
  • 〜つもり has a different meaning when it follows a verb that is in the present-future (non-past, imperfective) tense – in which case it means “plan, intention” – and when it modifies either a verb in the past (perfective) tense, or an adjective, or a noun followed by 〜の – in which case it means “conviction, belief, impression, understanding”.
    • This latter usage is less-taught in textbooks; see Rubin reference for extended discussion. A humorous example use is, if asked 「アメリカの方ですか？」 (“Are you American?”) – and one in fact is – to reply 「アメリカ人のつもりですけど…」 (“Well, I was the last time I looked…”, literally “I believe that I am an American ”).

References

  • “Tsumori and the Vanishing Beefsteak”, in Making sense of Japanese: what the textbooks don’t tell you, Jay Rubin, pp. 101–104

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

つもり • (tsumori) 

  1. (dialect, Kyūshū, Ibaraki)[1][2] head
    Synonym: (standard Japanese) あたま (atama)
    • 1930, 雨森芳洲 (Amenomori Hōshū), “疾病”, in 交隣須知 (Kōrin suchi)‎, 小倉文庫 edition, volume 1:
      頭(づ)痛(つう)　ツモリノイタム所(ところ)ニ木(き)枕(まくら)ヲヤメテフセ枕(まくら)ヲナサレマセイ
      zutsū tsumori no itamu tokoro ni kimakura o yamete fuse-makura o nasaremasei
      Headache: Stop using a wooden pillow and use a laid pillow, to the place where hurts in your head, sir.
      頭痛 머리 앏픈 ᄃᆡ 목침을 말고 슈침을 폐ᄋᆞᆸ소 (original Korean)

References

  1. ^ 野原三義 ((Can we date this quote?)) “琉球方言と九州諸方言との比較(III)”, in 沖縄国際大学文学部紀要‎, page 9

    つぶり　頭　「葉隠」（『九州方言』）
    〃　〃　『宮崎方』
    つもり天々　頭を津裳利トハ云　『菊池俗言考』
    tʃiburu　＜頭＞
  2. ^ “茨城の人体用語”, in 昔の茨城弁集‎, (Can we date this quote?)
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