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と in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Japanese
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Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 止 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
と • (to)
- The hiragana syllable と (to). Its equivalent in katakana is ト (to). It is the twentieth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行お段 (ta-gyō o-dan, “row ta, section o”).
Derived terms
See also
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etymology 2
⟨to2⟩ → */tə/ → /to/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tə.
Particle
と • (to)
- with
- 僕と行きたい？
- Boku to ikitai?
- Do you want to go with me?
- あなたと一緒に行きます。
- Anata to issho ni ikimasu.
- I will go with you.
- (when between nouns) and
- と can be attached to both nouns, but this is no longer common. Compare Korean 과 (-gwa), which also used to have this phenomenon.
- 彼女は英語とフランス語（と）が話せる。
- Kanojo wa eigo to furansugo (to) ga hanaseru.
- She can speak English and French.
- それとこれ。
- Sore to kore.
- That and this.
- 犬と猫（と）を私は飼っている。
- Inu to neko (to) o watashi wa katteiru.
- I keep the dog and the cat.
- a particle following a phrase or clause describing the detail, content or manner of the action, similar to a complement.
- 「お願い！」と、彼女は言った。
- “Onegai!” to, kanojo wa itta.
- "Please!", she said.
- なんだと！？
- Nan da to!?
- What!?
- これはダメだと思います。
- Kore wa dame da to omoimasu.
- I think this won't work.
- 小川が集めて大河となる。
- Ogawa ga atsumete taiga to naru.
- Small streams gather and become big rivers.
- 氷と化す
- kōri to kasu
- become ice
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- 交戦で北朝鮮兵死亡と米紙
- kōsen de Kita-Chōsen-hei shibō to beishi
- North Korean troops die in skirmish — US news
- if (when appended to a dictionary-form verb and followed by a present-tense sentence)
- 勉強すると分かる。
- Benkyō suru to wakaru.
- If you study, you'll understand.
- 円高が進むと、日本経済が混乱する。
- Endaka ga susumu to, Nihon keizai ga konran suru.
- If the high yen continues, the Japanese economy will be in dire straits.
- 二と三を掛けると六になる。
- Ni to san o kakeru to roku ni naru.
- If you multiply two and three, they make six.
- when (when appended to a dictionary form verb and followed by a past-tense sentence)
- マンハッタンへ行くと、大学の友達に会った。
- Manhattan e iku to, daigaku no tomodachi ni atta.
- When I went to Manhattan, I met a friend from university.
Usage notes
- と (to) in the sense of "and" can only be used to conjoin nouns; not verbs or sentences. They are joined by conjugation.
- と (to) in the sense of "and" implies that the list is complete. In the above sentence, the subject only speaks English and French. To imply other items, the particles とか (toka) or や (ya) are used in lieu of と (to). The particle など (nado, “etc., and so on”) can be appended to a list of nouns conjoined by と to imply that there are other items on the list.
- と (to) in the sense of "if" can be interchangeable with the conditional particles ば (ba) and たら (tara)/なら (nara) if the conditionals describe a hypothetical effect of an action.
- When と (to) is used in the meaning "when" it implies that the action following と happened abruptly. See とき (toki).
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 3
Noun
と • (to)
- Short for と金 (tokin): a promoted 歩兵 (fuhyō, “pawn”) that moves like a 金将 (kinshō, “gold general”)
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of と – see the following entries.
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| 【跡】S
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- Used in compound terms such as 跡絶える (todaeru, “to cut off, sever”), 跡見 (tomi, “tracking (in hunting)”), etc.
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(This term, と (to), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as と, see Category:Japanese kanji read as と.)
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(The following entries are uncreated: 人, 利, 砥.)
Etymology 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of と – see the following entries.
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| 【斗】S
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- an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to about 18 liters (18,000 cm³)
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(This term, と (to), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as と, see Category:Japanese kanji read as と.)
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(The following entries are uncreated: 途, 堵.)
